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Setting a to zero in a closed KR factorization gives the layer-by-layer Koszul complex

Statement

Let D be a closed marked MOY resolution with r wide edges and m strands, carrying marks (i,j) with 0≤i≤r, 1≤j≤m, as in Khovanov's figure 4: for each layer 1≤i≤r the i-th wide edge occupies two adjacent positions s,s+1, and the variables xi,j label the marks. Let C(D) be the factorization of The factorization of a marked MOY graph built from the arc and wide-edge factorizations of Arc and wide-edge Khovanov-Rozansky factorizations over the shared polynomial ring R~:=Q[a, xi,j:0≤i≤r, 1≤j≤m] (the internal marks are retained as coefficients), with potential wD=a∑pϵpxp over the boundary points; for a closed graph wD=0 and C(D) is a genuine complex of graded free R~-modules.

Write S:=R~/(a)=Q[xi,j] and form, in S, the (r+1)m-element sequence βi=xi,s+xi,s+1−xi−1,s−xi−1,s+1,γi=xi,sxi,s+1−xi−1,sxi−1,s+1(1≤i≤r), the differences xi,j−xi−1,j for the positions j∉{s,s+1}, and the closure differences x0,j−xr,j (1≤j≤m); let K(D) be the Koszul complex of this sequence over S (Koszul Complex Of A Sequence With Coefficients). Then:

(a) the specialization C(D)∣a=0:=C(D)⊗Q[a]Q is a complex (d2=0) of graded free S-modules;

(b) C(D)∣a=0 is isomorphic, as a Z/2-graded complex of graded S-modules (a factorization with d2=0), to the folding by parity of K(D): the even part is ⨁p evenK(D)p and the odd part is ⨁p oddK(D)p, with the Koszul differential, up to a global sign on the odd part that is absorbed by a change of basis;

(c) the isomorphism carries the bidegree shifts of the arc and wide-edge factorizations: a linear relation xi,j−xi−1,j or βi occupies a term of bidegree (−1,1) and a quadratic relation γi a term of bidegree (−1,3), so that every differential has bidegree (1,1) for deg⁡a=(2,0), deg⁡xi,j=(0,2) and the library shift convention (M{r1,r2})(k,l)=M(k−r1,l−r2).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: a closed marked MOY resolution D with r wide edges and m strands, marks (i,j), positions s of the wide edges, the shared ring R~, the factorization C(D) and the sequence and Koszul complex of the statement.

[L1]

A bigraded matrix factorization with potential w over R~ consists of free bigraded modules and differentials of bidegree (1,1) with d2=w⋅id; on the closed graph the potential is wD=a∑pϵpxp, and setting a=0 makes d2=0 and kills exactly the a-linear matrix entries (Bigraded matrix factorizations with a potential).

[L2]

The arc factorization of an arc with endpoint labels x1,x2 is Cc=[S→aS{−1,1}→x1−x2S], the two-term row (a, x1−x2): its even part is S in bidegree (0,0), its odd part is S{−1,1}, the map even-to-odd is multiplication by a and the map odd-to-even is multiplication by x1−x2. The wide-edge factorization of a wide edge with four labels x1,x2,x3,x4 is the tensor product of the rows (a, x1+x2−x3−x4) and (0, x1x2−x3x4), with middle terms S{−1,1}⊕S{−1,3} (Arc and wide-edge Khovanov-Rozansky factorizations).

[L3]

C(D)=⨂cCc⊗⨂tCt is the tensor product over the shared variables of the local arc and wide-edge factorizations, its potential is the sum of the local potentials, and for a closed graph wD=0, so C(D) is a genuine complex of graded R~-modules (The factorization of a marked MOY graph).

[L4]

For a sequence f1,…,fN in a commutative ring S the Koszul complex K(f1,…,fN;S) has degree-p term ⋀pSN and differential d(ei1∧⋯∧eip)=∑t(−1)t−1ei1∧⋯eit^⋯∧eip⊗fit; its degree-zero term is S with differential zero (Koszul Complex Of A Sequence With Coefficients).

[L5]

For finite sequences x,y there is a signed chain isomorphism K(x,y;S)≅K(x;S)⊗SK(y;S) (Koszul Complex Concatenation Tensor Isomorphism).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2givenalgebra

Specialize a=0. By [L1] each local factorization has d2=a⋅(linear form)⋅id and setting a=0 makes d2=0 and kills the a-linear entries. By [L2] the arc row (a, x1−x2) becomes the Z/2-graded complex with even part S, odd part S{−1,1}, even-to-odd map 0 and odd-to-even map x1−x2; the wide-edge tensor of rows (a, β) and (0, γ) becomes the tensor product of the two rows (0,β) and (0,γ).

1.2L2L4givenalgebra

Identify each local a=0 complex with the folding of the Koszul complex of its relations. The arc of labels x1,x2 gives, with f=x1−x2, the folding of K(f;S): K1=S{−1,1}→fK0=S has even part S and odd part S{−1,1} with the same maps. The wide edge gives the folding of K(β,γ;S): place the Koszul symbols for β and γ in the shifted bidegrees (−1,1) and (−1,3), so that K0=S, K1=S{−1,1}⊕S{−1,3}, K2=S{−2,4} and every differential has bidegree (1,1); the tensor product of the two rows (0,β),(0,γ) has even part S⊕S{−2,4}, odd part S{−1,1}⊕S{−1,3} and differentials matching those of K(β,γ) up to a global sign on the odd part.

2.1L1L3step 1.2algebra

Tensor over the layers. The a=0 specialization of a tensor product of factorizations is the tensor product of the a=0 specializations, because the product differential is the sum over the factors of the local differentials tensored with the other factors; the Koszul signs on the product are the Koszul signs of the total complex. By 1.2 the result is the tensor product of the foldings of the local Koszul complexes, which is the folding of the tensor product of those Koszul complexes.

3.1L4L5step 2.1algebra

Apply Koszul concatenation. Take the local relations in the layer order, at layer i first the two wide-edge relations βi,γi and then the differences xi,j−xi−1,j for j∉{s,s+1}, and put the closure differences last. By [L5] the tensor product of the local Koszul complexes over the shared polynomial ring is isomorphic, with Koszul signs, to the Koszul complex of the concatenated sequence, which is K(D). Combining with step 2.1 gives an isomorphism of Z/2-graded S-complexes from C(D)∣a=0 to the folding of K(D), up to the global sign on the odd part that a change of basis absorbs.

4.1L1L2L3step 3.1algebra∎

Read off the shifts and the closure hypothesis. In the arc row the odd generator 1⊗1 of S{−1,1} has bidegree (−1,1), and in the wide edge the two odd generators have bidegrees (−1,1) and (−1,3), exactly the shifts displayed in [L2] for the middle terms; the differential S{−1,1}→S has bidegree (1,1) because x1−x2 has bidegree (0,2), and likewise γi:S{−1,3}→S has bidegree (1,1) because x1x2−x3x4 has bidegree (0,4). For the closed graph the potential vanishes by [L3] and there are no boundary points, so no boundary variable remains and the sequence has exactly (r+1)m elements; the isomorphism of step 3.1 is therefore an identification of the a=0 specialization of C(D) with the folding of K(D), carrying the displayed shifts.

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