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LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-13
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Simplex integrals are independent of affine coordinate identification

Statement

The integral of a smooth k-form over a smooth singular k-simplex is unchanged when its affine span is identified with Rk by any orientation-preserving affine coordinates. It is also independent of the neighbourhood extension used to form the pullback.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Integral of a form over a smooth singular simplex defines integration after choosing a smooth neighbourhood extension and supplies compact Jordan integrability in the standard affine coordinates.

[F2]
[F3]

Change of variables for an injective C1 map on a compact Jordan set gives the integral transformation with the absolute Jacobian determinant.

[F4]

The pullback of a differential form defines pullback by evaluating the form on the images of the input tangent vectors.

Proof

Given: A simplex σ, a form ω and two positive affine parametrizations a,b:Rkaff(Δk). Put Ka=a1(Δk) and Kb=b1(Δk).

1.1

Suppose k1. Each of Ka,Kb is an invertible affine image of the standard compact Jordan simplex from [F1], hence compact Jordan by [F2]. Put h=a1b. It is an affine diffeomorphism of Rk, it maps Kb onto Ka, and its constant derivative has determinant d>0 because both parametrizations are positive.

F1F2given
2.1

For a single smooth extension write aσˉω=f(x)dx1dxk. The coefficient is smooth near Ka and bounded on Ka. By [F4], its expression in the b parametrization is f(h(y))detDhdy1dyk: evaluating the alternating form on the k columns of Dh gives exactly this determinant. Thus the coefficient in b coordinates is d(fh).

F1F4step 1.1
3.1

Apply [F3] to the open set Rk, injective C1 map h, compact Jordan set Kb and continuous function f on h(Kb)=Ka. Every derivative is invertible and detDh=d. Therefore Kaf(x)dx=Kbdf(h(y))dy, which is precisely equality of the two form integrals for a fixed extension. If two neighbourhood extensions are used, they agree on the relative interior of the affine simplex. Their pullback coefficients therefore agree there; every boundary point is a limit of relative-interior points, so continuity makes the coefficients agree on the whole compact simplex. Their integrals consequently coincide in either coordinate system.

F1F3step 1.1step 2.1
4.1

For k=0 both parametrizations of the affine point are the unique point map and both definitions are evaluation at σ(v0); no positive-dimensional change-of-variables theorem is used. For k=1, step 3.1 includes all positive affine rescalings of the closed interval, with endpoints included in the compact set. Zero coefficients and rank-deficient simplex maps require no division by a form value, so the equality still holds. Empty targets supply no simplex. All maps h and their coefficients are determined by the two given parametrizations; no choice is used.

F1step 3.1

Depends on

Used by

Cited to discharge well-definedness by Integral of a form over a smooth singular simplex.

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Sources