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Simultaneous peripheral full-turn equations have unique small solutions
Statement
Assume AC. Let and let be holomorphic on a neighborhood of , with . Put . At a coordinate with , define real coefficients by at define its parameter to be in the one-point compactification .
There are neighborhoods of and of in for which this parameter map is a homeomorphism . One may take for a sufficiently large . Every such tuple has a unique small simultaneous solution, with exactly at the unfilled coordinates. Uniformly as the tuple tends to the complete point, writing for finite coordinates and at , one has This analytic assertion allows real coefficients of either orientation. Primitive integral coefficients are included, but no geometric completion is asserted by the equations alone.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, the positive integer , the holomorphic functions and their nonreal complete values.
Full choice is The Axiom of Choice.
A contraction with constant strictly less than one on a nonempty complete metric space has a unique fixed point, given by its convergent iterates. A contraction of a nonempty complete metric space into itself has exactly one fixed point, the limit of the iterates from any starting point
Proof
Shrink to a closed convex polydisc inside the holomorphy domain. Its compactness and continuity of the derivatives give a common Lipschitz constant for all there, by integrating their derivatives along line segments. Put and shrink so that and every stays nonzero on . For any nonzero real pair , and . Moreover for one common : the real-linear maps are invertible, and their moduli have a positive minimum on the unit circle.
For a parameter tuple with finite pairs outside a sufficiently large radius , define and the in the Statement. At an infinite coordinate put . On define . Step 1.1 makes every denominator have modulus at least , hence . Also . Since step 1.1 makes , choose so large that and . The closed polydisc is nonempty and complete, and maps it into itself, so [F1] supplies its unique fixed point. Its defining equations are exactly the simultaneous full-turn equations at finite coordinates, and at infinite ones. At a finite coordinate , so its solution cannot vanish. Every solution in is such a fixed point and is therefore this one.
The fixed-point bound in step 2.1 gives . Its coordinate equation also gives . This proves the stated uniform expansion, including every coordinate exactly.
Define the coefficient map on the open polydisc by the equations in the Statement. If , the real-linear equation has a unique real pair, continuously depending on . If , the norms of these pairs tend to infinity uniformly with the other coordinates in : boundedness of gives . Thus is continuous also at its infinite coordinates, with . Let be the product neighborhood specified using in step 2.1, and put inside the open polydisc. This is an open neighborhood of . Every parameter in has its unique solution in the interior by step 2.1, so is bijective.
Its inverse is continuous on the whole product neighborhood, including partially unfilled tuples. If parameter tuples converge, their fixed-point maps from step 2.1 converge uniformly on . For a finite limiting coordinate, converge in the displayed rational formulas. For an infinite limiting coordinate, while , so the corresponding tends uniformly to zero by the denominator bound, regardless of the directions of the real pairs. If are the two fixed points and their maps, then , proving continuity. This establishes the homeomorphism. No primitivity was used in this analytic proof; primitivity enters only when a later geometric construction identifies a smooth solid-torus meridian.
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Dependency tree · two levels
24 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- William P. Thurston, The Geometry and Topology of Three-Manifolds (standard reference, not scraped)