Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-6-luna)
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The real square-summable sequence space is complete

Statement

The real sequence space ℓ2(N,R)={x=(xn):∑n∈N∣xn∣2<∞}, with its canonical inner product and norm from Square-summable families on an arbitrary index set and the space ℓ2(I), is complete and therefore is a real Hilbert space.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A Cauchy sequence (x(k))k∈N in the canonical norm on ℓ2(N,R).

[F1]

Square-summable families on an arbitrary index set and the space ℓ2(I): The norm obeys ∥x∥22=∑n∣xn∣2, where the nonnegative sum is the supremum of its finite subsums; the coordinate vectors are well-defined and the space has the canonical inner product.

[F2]

The reals are complete: Every Cauchy sequence of reals converges to a real number.

[F3]

Hilbert space: A complete inner-product space is a Hilbert space.

Proof

1.1givenF1F2algebra

For each fixed n, ∣xn(k)−xn(j)∣≤∥x(k)−x(j)∥2, so (xn(k))k is Cauchy in R. By [F2] let xn=lim⁡kxn(k); each coordinate limit is unique, so these values define a sequence x. To see (x(k)) is bounded, choose K so that ∥x(k)−x(j)∥2<1 for all k,j≥K; then ∥x(k)∥2≤∥x(K)∥2+1 for k≥K, and the finitely many earlier norms have a finite maximum. Thus ∥x(k)∥2≤M for some finite M. For any finite F⊂N, ∑n∈F∣xn∣2=lim⁡k∑n∈F∣xn(k)∣2≤M2. Taking the supremum over finite F gives ∑n∣xn∣2≤M2, hence x∈ℓ2.

2.1F1F2F3step 1.1algebra∎

Let ε>0. Choose K such that ∥x(k)−x(j)∥2<ε/2 for all k,j≥K. Fix k≥K. For every finite F⊂N, coordinate convergence and continuity of finite sums give ∑n∈F∣xn(k)−xn∣2=lim⁡j→∞∑n∈F∣xn(k)−xn(j)∣2≤ε2/4. Taking the supremum over finite F yields ∥x(k)−x∥2≤ε/2<ε. Thus x(k)→x in ℓ2. Every Cauchy sequence converges, proving completeness and, by [F3], the Hilbert-space claim.

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