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The open star criterion produces a simplicial map
Statement
Let be finite, arbitrary, continuous, and assign a vertex of to every vertex of such that . Then extends to a simplicial map. For each , and lie in the carrier simplex of (the face given by its positive support). The straight-line homotopy between them is continuous and fixes every point where they agree. It respects every subcomplex pair for which . These conclusions require no choice axiom.
Source locators
2C.1 and 2C.2 proofs, pp.178–179; Appendix A.1, p.520, closed-discrete argument. The finite-source rational-grid/least-index choice-free refinement is proved locally, not attributed to Hatcher..
Facts & Assumptions
The finite source is compact. A finite simplicial complex has a compact Hausdorff realization.
Finite realizations are Euclidean and finite subcomplexes embed with that topology. Finite simplicial weak topology agrees with euclidean topology.
Closed subsets of compact spaces are compact. A closed subspace of a compact space is compact, and a finite union of compact subspaces is compact.
Open stars are positivity loci. Open and closed stars in a subdivision.
The image of each face must be a face and realization sums vertex coordinates. A simplicial map and its geometric realization.
A relative homotopy is jointly continuous and fixed on the specified subspace. Homotopies of continuous maps, homotopies relative to a subspace, and path homotopies relative to the endpoints.
Proof
Given: A finite source , continuous , and a vertex assignment satisfying the star inclusions.
If is vertex-free all assertions concern empty maps. Otherwise enumerate its finitely many vertices. For each positive denominator enumerate, lexicographically, all barycentric rational grid points on every face, allowing repetitions, to obtain a sequence . On a face with vertices, round the first coordinates down to multiples of and give the last coordinate the remaining mass; every coordinate error is at most . These points approximate every point of each simplex. Hence the sequence is dense in the finite Euclidean realization, and therefore in the weak realization. The image is compact: pull an open cover back to compact and take a finite subcover.
Suppose the union of the finite supports of were infinite. Recursively select the least index whose image support is not contained in the finite union of previously selected supports, and call the resulting images . Each new point introduces a fresh target vertex. In a fixed closed simplex , at most of the points can occur, since each such occurrence introduces a fresh vertex of . Every subset of thus has finite closed trace on each target simplex and is weakly closed. Therefore is closed in compact , and every subset is closed in , making discrete. Its singleton cover contradicts compactness. All repeated choices here are least natural indices, not applications of Countable Choice.
The union of those supports is therefore finite. Let contain all faces of whose vertices lie in . This is finite and weakly closed: its intersection with any simplex is a finite union of closed faces. The closed set contains the dense sequence, so equals . By the closed-embedding assertion, regarded as a map into is continuous for its Euclidean topology.
For any nonempty source face , its barycenter lies in the star of every vertex of . Its image therefore has every , , in its support. That support is a face of , so its subset is a face. This proves simpliciality. For an arbitrary point the same reasoning applies to each positive-coordinate vertex of : every corresponding belongs to . Consequently lies in that very simplex. In particular the image of lies in .
The realization is affine on each of finitely many closed source simplices; these maps agree on their common faces, so it is continuous into finite Euclidean . Hence is jointly continuous into its ambient Euclidean space. The common-carrier conclusion puts its image in , so it is continuous into and then . At it equals , and if it is constant in . If and , its carrier is a simplex of , so the entire segment remains in .
Remarks
The star condition also composes: if approximates and approximates , then . Thus the simplicial composite approximates (Maunder 2.5.5, p.47). The finite-image proof above replaces any appeal to the separate compact-subset lemma with Countable Choice.
Depends on
- Open and closed stars in a subdivision
- A simplicial map and its geometric realization
- A finite simplicial complex has a compact Hausdorff realization
- A closed subspace of a compact space is compact, and a finite union of compact subspaces is compact
- Finite simplicial weak topology agrees with euclidean topology
- Homotopies of continuous maps, homotopies relative to a subspace, and path homotopies relative to the endpoints
Used by
- A continuous map need not be simplicial before subdivision Counterexample
- A relative simplicial approximation fixed on the endpoints Example
- Relative subdivision neighbourhood adjustment Lemma
- Finite simplicial approximation for maps of pairs Theorem
- Relative simplicial approximation after subdivision Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
22 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Allen Hatcher, Algebraic Topology (standard reference, not scraped)