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Uniform null G-delta sets capture block functions
Statement
There are uniformly assigned null sets in Cantor space for and, for each open whose canonical coin content is below one, finite capture sets of size at most , such that implies for all sufficiently large . If belongs to a transitive model, the code for belongs to that model.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Cantor space .
Cantor and Baire sequence spaces and coordinate codings: the cylinder topology, compactness of Cantor space, coordinate pairing and explicit natural-number codes for finite binary words. The choice-free coin content needed here is constructed in step 1.1.
The countable Borel hierarchy and its limit convention: the form of a countable intersection of open sets.
Closed subspaces of complete metric spaces are complete; the converse under countable choice and [F1]: a closed subspace of Cantor space is complete; choosing the lexicographically least branch through each nonempty cylinder trace supplies a canonical countable dense subset. Hence Separable complete metric spaces are Baire in ZF makes every nonempty closed a Baire space in ZF.
Proof
For an open , let be the prefix-free set of shortest finite words with , and put , the supremum of its finite partial sums in the fixed word order. Define the closed content and call null when, for every , it has an open cover of content below . Refining finitely many cylinders to one common length proves finite additivity on clopen sets, monotonicity, and countable subadditivity for open unions directly from binary-word counts. If with closed and clopen, then . Every definition uses a fixed enumeration or a real supremum and hence exists in ZF.
Using the canonical pairing from [F1], put and . The coordinate groups are disjoint and have size . Refining to a prefix above the finitely many coordinates shows for every finite ; this is a finite pattern count, not a product-measure theorem.
Fix open with and put , so . Enumerate the finite words as . Let be the union of those traces with closed content zero. Such a compact zero-content trace has, for each requested rational error, a finite clopen cover of smaller content: choose a finite clopen subset of its open complement whose content is sufficiently close to one and take the complement. Choose the least finite cover in the fixed code order. Assigning error to the pair and taking the open union proves directly that is null, without Countable Choice. Put . The set is intersected with the open union of the corresponding cylinders, so is closed. Monotonicity gives , while the arbitrarily small canonical open covers of and the finite/open content inequalities give for every positive rational ; hence . Every nonempty trace has positive closed content, since otherwise the corresponding was removed.
For put . It is by [F2]. For every , its displayed tail union is an open cover of content at most by step 1.1, so is null by the local definition. The assignment is arithmetic in and the fixed blocks; therefore its code belongs to every transitive model containing .
For put . For every finite , steps 1.1--2.2 give Taking canonical finite initial subsets shows that converges. Hence every is finite and .
Assume , so . If every met every nonempty basic open subset of , these sets would be dense open. The least-branch construction in [F3] makes separable and complete in ZF, so the Baire theorem would make their intersection nonempty. Therefore some and satisfy .
Let be the fixed bijection, and let be the least threshold after which . Put . For any finite , assign to each the least witnessing in the fixed word order. Then If had more than elements, its first elements would contradict this bound. Thus it is finite and has the required size.
With as in step 4.1 and , every satisfies , hence . Together with steps 3.1 and 4.2 this proves capture, the size bound and model-membership of the codes.
The steps above provide the uniformly assigned null sets and the capture sets with all stated properties, which is the Statement.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
33 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Hiromi Ishii, Regularity Properties and Inaccessible Cardinals (standard reference, not scraped)
- Terence Tao, An Introduction to Measure Theory (standard reference, not scraped)