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Uniform null G-delta sets capture block functions

Statement

There are uniformly assigned null Gδ sets Nf in Cantor space for fωω and, for each open U whose canonical coin content is below one, finite capture sets φU(n) of size at most 2n+1, such that NfU implies f(n)φU(n) for all sufficiently large n. If f belongs to a transitive model, the code for Nf belongs to that model.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Cantor space 2ω.

[F1]

Cantor and Baire sequence spaces and coordinate codings: the cylinder topology, compactness of Cantor space, coordinate pairing and explicit natural-number codes for finite binary words. The choice-free coin content needed here is constructed in step 1.1.

[F2]

The countable Borel hierarchy and its limit convention: the Gδ form of a countable intersection of open sets.

[F3]

Closed subspaces of complete metric spaces are complete; the converse under countable choice and [F1]: a closed subspace of Cantor space is complete; choosing the lexicographically least branch through each nonempty cylinder trace supplies a canonical countable dense subset. Hence Separable complete metric spaces are Baire in ZF makes every nonempty closed K2ω a Baire space in ZF.

Proof

1.1

For an open O2ω, let PO be the prefix-free set of shortest finite words s with [s]O, and put ν(O)=sPO2s, the supremum of its finite partial sums in the fixed word order. Define the closed content m(K)=1ν(2ωK) and call E null when, for every k, it has an open cover of content below 2k. Refining finitely many cylinders to one common length proves finite additivity on clopen sets, monotonicity, and countable subadditivity for open unions directly from binary-word counts. If KD with K closed and D clopen, then m(K)ν(D). Every definition uses a fixed enumeration or a real supremum and hence exists in ZF.

F1construct
2.1

Using the canonical pairing from [F1], put Cn,m={n,m,j:jn} and Bn,m={x:cCn,m x(c)=1}. The coordinate groups are disjoint and have size n+1. Refining to a prefix above the finitely many coordinates shows ν(Bn,m)=2(n+1),ν((n,m)JBn,mc)=(n,m)J(12(n+1)) for every finite J; this is a finite pattern count, not a product-measure theorem.

F1step 1.1
2.2

Fix open U with ν(U)<1 and put K0=2ωU, so m(K0)>0. Enumerate the finite words as (si). Let Z be the union of those traces K0[si] with closed content zero. Such a compact zero-content trace has, for each requested rational error, a finite clopen cover of smaller content: choose a finite clopen subset of its open complement whose content is sufficiently close to one and take the complement. Choose the least finite cover in the fixed code order. Assigning error 2ik2 to the pair (i,k) and taking the open union proves directly that Z is null, without Countable Choice. Put K=K0Z. The set Z is K0 intersected with the open union of the corresponding cylinders, so K is closed. Monotonicity gives m(K)m(K0), while the arbitrarily small canonical open covers of Z and the finite/open content inequalities give m(K0)m(K)+ε for every positive rational ε; hence m(K)=m(K0)>0. Every nonempty trace K[s] has positive closed content, since otherwise the corresponding K0[s] was removed.

F1step 1.1
3.1

For f:ωω put Nf=k<ωnkBn,f(n). It is Gδ by [F2]. For every k, its displayed tail union is an open cover of content at most nk2(n+1)=2k by step 1.1, so Nf is null by the local definition. The assignment is arithmetic in f and the fixed blocks; therefore its code belongs to every transitive model containing f.

F2step 1.1step 2.1
3.2

For sTK={s:[s]K} put As(n)={m:K[s]Bn,m=}. For every finite J{(n,m):mAs(n)}, steps 1.1--2.2 give 0<m(K[s])(n,m)J(12(n+1))exp((n,m)J2(n+1)). Taking canonical finite initial subsets shows that nAs(n)/2n+1 converges. Hence every As(n) is finite and As(n)/2n+10.

step 1.1step 2.1step 2.2
4.1

Assume NfU, so KNf=. If every KnmBn,f(n) met every nonempty basic open subset of K, these sets would be dense open. The least-branch construction in [F3] makes K separable and complete in ZF, so the Baire theorem would make their intersection KNf nonempty. Therefore some sTK and m satisfy K[s]nmBn,f(n)=.

F3step 2.2step 3.1
4.2

Let i:2<ωω be the fixed bijection, and let n(s) be the least threshold after which As(n)/2n+12i(s)1. Put φU(n)={As(n):sTK, n(s)n}. For any finite EφU(n), assign to each mE the least witnessing s in the fixed word order. Then E2n+1s:n(s)nAs(n)2n+1s2i(s)11. If φU(n) had more than 2n+1 elements, its first 2n+1+1 elements would contradict this bound. Thus it is finite and has the required size.

F1step 3.2
5.1

With s,m as in step 4.1 and =max{m,n(s)}, every n satisfies K[s]Bn,f(n)=, hence f(n)As(n)φU(n). Together with steps 3.1 and 4.2 this proves capture, the size bound and model-membership of the codes.

step 3.1step 4.1step 4.2
6.1

The steps above provide the uniformly assigned null Gδ sets and the capture sets with all stated properties, which is the Statement.

step 3.1step 5.1

Depends on

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