Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedaudited 2026-09-07
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A universal Martin-Löf test exists

Statement

There is a Martin-Löf test (Vn) such that every Martin-Löf test (Une) is contained in it after an index-dependent shift: Un+ceeVn for all n.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: the acceptable numbering of partial computable functions and the uniform-enumeration convention for effectively open sequences.

Proof

1.1

Decode the outputs of the e-th partial computable function as pairs (k,σ), discarding malformed outputs. This enumerates a c.e. relation WeN×{0,1}, and every c.e. relation occurs for some e because Universal and acceptable numberings enumerates all partial computable functions. Hence the relations We enumerate every uniformly effectively open candidate sequence.

givenconstruct
2.1

For candidate e, at component k retain a newly enumerated cylinder only when the finite union retained so far would still have measure at most 2k. The measure of a finite cylinder union is computable by reducing its strings to a finite prefix-free set. Thus the retained relation is uniformly c.e. and always obeys the component bound. If the candidate already is a Martin-Löf test, no cylinder is ever discarded, since every finite subunion has measure at most the final measure.

step 1.1construct
3.1

Let Vn be the union of all retained e-components at level n+e+1. Dovetailing the enumerations makes (Vn) uniformly effectively open, and subadditivity gives μ(Vn)e2(n+e+1)=2n. It is therefore a test by Martin-Löf tests and random sequences. If (Uke) is a genuine test, step 2.1 does not trim it, so Un+e+1eVn for all n. Take ce=e+1 to obtain the stated universality.

step 2.1construct

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources