Alphabeta Math
PropositionStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedverified 2026-09-23 (gpt-6-sol)
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The simple socle of a costandard object

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice.

Fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h, and a positive Borel b=h⊕n+. Write Q+=∑iZ≥0αi, μ≤λ when λ−μ∈Q+, and w⋅λ=w(λ+ρ)−ρ.

The costandard object ∇(λ) has a unique simple submodule, isomorphic to L(λ). Its socle, the sum of all simple submodules, is that submodule.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice), the setting above and the hypotheses in the statement.

[F1]

Under the Axiom of Choice, fix a finite-dimensional complex semisimple Lie algebra g, a Cartan subalgebra h, and a positive Borel b=h⊕n+. Write Q+=∑iZ≥0αi, μ≤λ when λ−μ∈Q+, and w⋅λ=w(λ+ρ)−ρ. Restricted Chevalley duality is an exact contravariant equivalence D:O→Oop, with a natural isomorphism D2≅id⁡. It preserves each weight-space dimension, the formal character, and every simple composition multiplicity. (Restricted duality is exact and involutive on O)

[F2]

The proper submodule J(λ) which is the sum of all proper submodules is the unique maximal submodule of M(λ). The quotient L(λ):=M(λ)/J(λ) is simple and is its unique simple quotient. (A Verma module has a unique simple quotient)

[F3]

For λ∈h∗, the standard and costandard weight modules are Δ(λ)=M(λ) and ∇(λ)=D(M(λ)); under the given Choice premise both are objects of O. (Standard and costandard objects)

Proof

1.1F1F2F3

Let J(λ) be the unique maximal proper submodule of M(λ). Dualize M(λ)↠L(λ) to obtain an injection L(λ)≅D(L(λ))↪D(M(λ))=∇(λ). Its image is the annihilator of J(λ).

2.1F1F2step 1.1∎

If S⊂∇(λ) is any simple submodule, duality gives a simple quotient M(λ)↠D(S). Its kernel must be J(λ) by uniqueness of the maximal submodule. Finite-dimensional weightwise biduality says S is exactly that kernel annihilator. Hence all simple submodules have the image already constructed, and their sum equals it.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources