How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
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- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Regularity of an outer measure and regularity of a measure with respect to open and compact sets are different conditions, both satisfied here
Assuming the Axiom of Countable Choice, the word regular is carrying two different conditions in this development, and both of them hold for Lebesgue measure. They are not variants of one statement: one is about arbitrary subsets and measurable supersets, the other about measurable sets and topologically distinguished sub- and supersets.
Regularity of an outer measure. Measurable hulls and regular outer measures calls an outer measure regular when every subset of the ambient set has a measurable hull: a Carathéodory measurable with . This mentions no topology at all, and it is a condition that fails for some outer measures. For it holds, with the hull available in the special form : Every subset of has a measurable hull of the same outer measure.
Regularity of a measure with respect to open and compact sets. Here the statements are that is the infimum of over open (Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue outer measure of an arbitrary subset of is the infimum of the measures of the open sets containing it), and that is the supremum of over compact for measurable (Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue measure of a measurable set is the supremum of the measures of its compact subsets). Both mention the topology essentially, and the second is restricted to measurable sets, which the first is not.
Why the distinction has to be made rather than left to context. The two conditions have different hypotheses on , different quantifiers, and different witnesses: a measurable hull is a superset with equal outer measure, while outer regularity produces supersets whose measures merely approach the outer measure and are open. The one implies the other only through an argument — here, intersecting a sequence of open supersets, which is exactly the proof of the hull. Nothing below uses the word regular without saying which of the two is meant.
Depends on
- Measurable hulls and regular outer measures
- Every subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ has a $G_\delta$ measurable hull of the same outer measure
- Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue outer measure of an arbitrary subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is the infimum of the measures of the open sets containing it
- Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue measure of a measurable set is the supremum of the measures of its compact subsets
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory (UC Davis lecture notes), Chapter 2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- E. A. Carlen, Notes on Lebesgue Measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $S^{n-1}$ (Rutgers Math 501), Theorem 1.5 (standard reference, not scraped)