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Every subset of has a measurable hull of the same outer measure
Statement
Let and assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Every has a set ( and subsets of a topological space, agreeing with the real-line notion) with
Such a is Borel, hence Lebesgue measurable, so it is a measurable hull of and is a regular outer measure (Measurable hulls and regular outer measures). The regularity also follows from Assuming countable choice, a premeasure-induced outer measure is regular with generated measurable hulls, which supplies a measurable hull inside ; the point added here is that the hull may be taken of the special form .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A natural number , the Axiom of Countable Choice, and a subset .
Assuming countable choice, open and for every subset (Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue outer measure of an arbitrary subset of is the infimum of the measures of the open sets containing it).
Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of is Lebesgue measurable (Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of is Lebesgue measurable).
Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra and is a complete measure on it, and is the restriction of (Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and is a complete measure extending elementary volume).
Assuming countable choice, is an outer measure on , hence monotone (Assuming countable choice, Lebesgue outer measure is an outer measure that restricts to elementary volume, Outer measures, Lebesgue outer measure on ).
is a set of when there is a sequence of open subsets of with ( and subsets of a topological space, agreeing with the real-line notion).
A measurable hull of is a Carathéodory measurable set with ; the outer measure is regular when every subset has a measurable hull (Measurable hulls and regular outer measures).
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. An outer measure induced by a premeasure is regular, and every set has a measurable hull in (Assuming countable choice, a premeasure-induced outer measure is regular with generated measurable hulls).
The product topology on is the metric topology of (A subset of with the product topology is compact exactly when it is closed and bounded, the product topology being the Euclidean metric topology, claim 1; The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement).
For every real there is a natural number with (For every in a complete ordered field there is a natural with ).
The Axiom of Countable Choice says that for every family of nonempty sets indexed by there is a function with domain such that for every (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Proof
If , take , which is open and hence a by the constant sequence, contains , and has by monotonicity.
If , then for each the family of open sets with is nonempty, because the infimum in [L1] is not a lower bound of anything larger; countable choice selects one such for every .
Put , a set containing ; monotonicity gives for every , so .
In both cases is a countable intersection of open sets, hence Borel and Lebesgue measurable, so is a measurable hull of and is regular; the same regularity is delivered by the published theorem on premeasure-induced outer measures, with the hull taken in instead.
Depends on
- Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue outer measure of an arbitrary subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is the infimum of the measures of the open sets containing it
- Measurable hulls and regular outer measures
- Assuming countable choice, a premeasure-induced outer measure is regular with generated measurable hulls
- Lebesgue outer measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$
- Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is Lebesgue measurable
- Assuming countable choice, $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and $\lambda_n$ is a complete measure extending elementary volume
- Assuming countable choice, Lebesgue outer measure is an outer measure that restricts to elementary volume
- Outer measures
- $G_\delta$ and $F_\sigma$ subsets of a topological space, agreeing with the real-line notion
- A subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with the product topology is compact exactly when it is closed and bounded, the product topology being the Euclidean metric topology
- The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement
- For every $\varepsilon > 0$ in a complete ordered field there is a natural $n \ge 1$ with $1/n < \varepsilon$
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- T. Tao, An Introduction to Measure Theory (GSM 126), Exercise 1.2.14 (standard reference, not scraped)
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory (UC Davis lecture notes), Chapter 2 (standard reference, not scraped)