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Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and is a complete measure extending elementary volume
Statement
Let and assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Then:
- is a sigma-algebra on and is a measure on it (Measures on sigma-algebras);
- the measure space is complete (Complete measure spaces), and every with is Lebesgue measurable with ;
- every elementary set is Lebesgue measurable and for every ; in particular for every half-open box , and .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A natural number , the Axiom of Countable Choice, Lebesgue outer measure , and the family of sets Carathéodory measurable for it.
A set is Lebesgue measurable when it is Carathéodory measurable for , the family of these is , and (Lebesgue measurable sets, the family , and the restricted set function ).
Assuming countable choice, is an outer measure on , and for every elementary set (Assuming countable choice, Lebesgue outer measure is an outer measure that restricts to elementary volume).
is the outer set function induced by the premeasure on the algebra of elementary sets (Lebesgue outer measure on ).
Elementary volume is a sigma-finite premeasure on (Elementary volume is a sigma-finite premeasure on the algebra of elementary sets); its value on a half-open box is the box volume (The sum of the volumes of a disjoint box decomposition of an elementary set does not depend on the decomposition, Half-open boxes in and their volume), and is elementary with infinite elementary volume (Elementary sets: the finite unions of half-open boxes in ).
For an outer measure on , the Carathéodory measurable subsets form a sigma-algebra, and the restriction of the outer measure to it is a complete measure (Carathéodory's theorem: measurable sets form a sigma-algebra carrying a complete measure).
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. Every member of the source algebra is Carathéodory measurable for the induced outer measure (Assuming countable choice, every source-algebra set is measurable for the induced outer measure).
Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice. If is a premeasure on an algebra of subsets of and is its induced outer set function, then and (Assuming countable choice, a premeasure extends through its induced outer measure).
Every set of outer measure zero, and every subset of it, is Carathéodory measurable and has outer measure zero (Every outer-null set is Carathéodory measurable).
A measure space is complete if every subset of every measurable -null set is measurable (Complete measure spaces); and a measure on is a function with that is countably additive on pairwise disjoint sequences (Measures on sigma-algebras).
The Axiom of Countable Choice says that for every family of nonempty sets indexed by there is a function with domain such that for every (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Proof
Under countable choice is an outer measure on , so [F1] applies to it: its Carathéodory measurable sets, which are by definition the members of , form a sigma-algebra, and the restriction of to it is a complete measure.
Since is the outer set function induced by the premeasure on , the extension theorem and the source-algebra lemma give and there; a half-open box and and are elementary, so , and .
A set with is Carathéodory measurable for , hence Lebesgue measurable, and its measure is its outer measure, namely .
Claim 1 and the completeness half of claim 2 are step 1.1, the null-set half of claim 2 is step 1.3, and claim 3 is step 1.2.
Depends on
- Lebesgue measurable sets, the family $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and the restricted set function $\lambda_n$
- Assuming countable choice, Lebesgue outer measure is an outer measure that restricts to elementary volume
- Carathéodory's theorem: measurable sets form a sigma-algebra carrying a complete measure
- Assuming countable choice, every source-algebra set is measurable for the induced outer measure
- Assuming countable choice, a premeasure extends through its induced outer measure
- Every outer-null set is Carathéodory measurable
- Measures on sigma-algebras
- Complete measure spaces
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Elementary sets: the finite unions of half-open boxes in $\mathbb{R}^n$
- Lebesgue outer measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$
- Elementary volume is a sigma-finite premeasure on the algebra of elementary sets
- The sum of the volumes of a disjoint box decomposition of an elementary set does not depend on the decomposition
- Half-open boxes in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and their volume
Used by
- A bounded function on a closed bounded interval, or on a closed nondegenerate rectangle, is Riemann integrable exactly when its discontinuity set has Lebesgue measure zero Corollary
- A continuous image of a Lebesgue measurable subset of ℝ can be nonmeasurable Corollary
- A continuous preimage of a Lebesgue measurable subset of ℝ can be nonmeasurable Corollary
- A Lebesgue measurable subgroup of (ℝⁿ,+) of positive measure is all of ℝⁿ Corollary
- A property holding outside a set of elementary measure zero is exactly a property holding λ-almost everywhere Corollary
- Every subset of ℝ of positive Lebesgue outer measure contains a nonmeasurable subset Corollary
- Every subset of ℝⁿ has a G_δ measurable hull of the same outer measure Corollary
- L(ℝⁿ) is exactly the completion of the restriction of λₙ to the Borel sets Corollary
- One-dimensional W^1,p functions have unique absolutely continuous representatives Corollary
- The Cantor set is an uncountable subset of ℝ of Lebesgue measure zero Corollary
- There is a Lebesgue measurable subset of ℝ that is not Borel Corollary
- A nonmeasurable subset of a null line shows that the product of complete measures need not be complete Counterexample
- Equality almost everywhere with a measurable function can fail on an incomplete space Counterexample
- Not every compact set is conformally removable Counterexample
- Pointwise modification can destroy path continuity Counterexample
- The complementarity product needs extra regularity Counterexample
- The regular representation of R is not a Hilbert direct sum of irreducibles Counterexample
- Weakly measurable need not be strongly measurable Counterexample
- Add, cov, non and cof for null and meagre ideals Definition
- Borel measurable and Lebesgue measurable functions on ℝⁿ Definition
- Chacon three cut one spacer towers Definition
- Lebesgue inner measure on the real line Definition
- Nevanlinna exceptional-radius error notation Definition
- The Bergman space A²(Ω) and the Bergman kernel Definition
- The circle, rotations and the doubling map Definition
- The one-dimensional torus and its normalized Haar integral Definition
- A dense G_δ subset of ℝ of Lebesgue measure zero containing every rational, and its meager complement of full measure Example
- Distributional laplacian of the newtonian kernel Example
- Dunford--Pettis: dominated and concentrating families Example
- Dyadic conditional expectation martingale Example
- Følner sets in ℝⁿ Example
- Polya urn proportion martingale Example
- The indicator of the rationals in [0,1] is Lebesgue integrable with integral 0 and not Riemann integrable Example
- The Koch snowflake is a non-rectifiable quasicircle Example
- The Lebesgue measure of an interval, of a box, of ℚ and of the irrationals in [0,1] Example
- The upper half-plane Poisson boundary density Example
- Assuming the Axiom of Choice, every Lebesgue measurable subset of ℝ is a Borel set False statement
- FALSE: composing a Lebesgue measurable function with a continuous map preserves measurability False statement
- FALSE: equality almost everywhere with a measurable function implies measurability False statement
- FALSE: every Riemann integrable function on a closed bounded interval is Borel measurable False statement
…and 52 more results.
Cited to discharge well-definedness by Lebesgue measurable sets, the family L(ℝⁿ), and the restricted set function λₙ.
Dependency tree · two levels
51 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory (UC Davis lecture notes), Theorem 2.9 and Proposition 2.12 (standard reference, not scraped)
- T. Tao, An Introduction to Measure Theory (GSM 126), Section 1.2 (standard reference, not scraped)