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A Lebesgue measurable subgroup of of positive measure is all of
Statement
Let and assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Let be a subgroup of the additive group (Subgroup, Group and abelian group) that is Lebesgue measurable with . Then
Equivalently, in the contrapositive form the sources state: a Lebesgue measurable proper subgroup of has measure zero. Nothing is asserted about subgroups that are not Lebesgue measurable.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A natural number , the Axiom of Countable Choice, and a Lebesgue measurable subgroup of with .
Assuming countable choice, a Lebesgue measurable with has a real with (If a Lebesgue measurable subset of has positive measure, its difference set contains an open ball about the origin, Open ball, closed ball and sphere in a metric space).
Assuming countable choice, is a complete measure on the sigma-algebra (Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and is a complete measure extending elementary volume).
A subset is a subgroup when , is closed under the operation, and is closed under inverses (Subgroup, Group and abelian group).
Every complete ordered field is Archimedean: for every there is a natural number with (Every complete ordered field is Archimedean); and for every real there is a natural with (For every in a complete ordered field there is a natural with ).
Let ; if and whenever , then (The principle of mathematical induction).
Proof
Since is a subgroup, and whenever , so ; conversely , and therefore .
Steinhaus applied to supplies a real with .
Let . The Archimedean property gives a natural with , so and by steps 1.1 and 1.2.
A subgroup is closed under addition, so an induction on shows for every natural , the case being ; taking gives , and as was arbitrary, .
Depends on
- If a Lebesgue measurable subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ has positive measure, its difference set contains an open ball about the origin
- Assuming countable choice, $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and $\lambda_n$ is a complete measure extending elementary volume
- Open ball, closed ball and sphere in a metric space
- $\mathbb{R}^n$ as the set of functions $n \to \mathbb{R}$, and $d_1$, $d_2$, $d_\infty$ are metrics on it
- Subgroup
- Group and abelian group
- Every complete ordered field is Archimedean
- For every $\varepsilon > 0$ in a complete ordered field there is a natural $n \ge 1$ with $1/n < \varepsilon$
- The principle of mathematical induction
- The $p$-norms $\lVert x\rVert_p$ for rational $p \ge 1$, and $\lVert x\rVert_\infty$
- Each $\lVert\cdot\rVert_p$ is a norm on $\mathbb{R}^n$, and the induced metrics are exactly $d_1$, $d_2$ and $d_\infty$ of the published metric-spaces page
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- J. Ye, L. Yu, X. Zhao, When is $A+xA=\mathbb{R}$?, Corollary 1.2 (standard reference, not scraped)
- T. Tao, An Introduction to Measure Theory (GSM 126), Exercise 1.6.8 (standard reference, not scraped)