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Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of is Lebesgue measurable
Statement
Let and assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Then
every Borel subset of (The Borel sigma-algebra of a topological space) is Lebesgue measurable (Lebesgue measurable sets, the family , and the restricted set function ). In particular every open set, every closed set and every countable intersection of open sets is Lebesgue measurable.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A natural number and the Axiom of Countable Choice.
Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra on and every elementary set is Lebesgue measurable (Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and is a complete measure extending elementary volume).
, where is the family of half-open boxes and the family of elementary sets (The sigma-algebra generated by the half-open boxes of is the Borel sigma-algebra).
At every half-open box is elementary (Elementary sets: the finite unions of half-open boxes in ).
is the unique smallest sigma-algebra on containing (Nonempty intersections of sigma-algebras are sigma-algebras, so the generated sigma-algebra exists and is minimal, The sigma-algebra generated by a family of sets).
The Borel sigma-algebra of is the sigma-algebra generated by its open sets (The Borel sigma-algebra of a topological space); a sigma-algebra on is an algebra of subsets closed under countable unions (Sigma-algebras).
The Axiom of Countable Choice says that for every family of nonempty sets indexed by there is a function with domain such that for every (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Proof
Under countable choice is a sigma-algebra on containing every elementary set, hence containing the family of half-open boxes.
Since is the smallest sigma-algebra containing , step 1.1 gives , and ; open sets, closed sets and countable intersections of open sets are Borel.
Depends on
- Assuming countable choice, $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and $\lambda_n$ is a complete measure extending elementary volume
- The sigma-algebra generated by the half-open boxes of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is the Borel sigma-algebra
- The Borel sigma-algebra of a topological space
- Sigma-algebras
- The sigma-algebra generated by a family of sets
- Nonempty intersections of sigma-algebras are sigma-algebras, so the generated sigma-algebra exists and is minimal
- Lebesgue measurable sets, the family $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and the restricted set function $\lambda_n$
- Elementary sets: the finite unions of half-open boxes in $\mathbb{R}^n$
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
- Every subset of ℝⁿ has a G_δ measurable hull of the same outer measure Corollary
- L(ℝⁿ) is exactly the completion of the restriction of λₙ to the Borel sets Corollary
- A measurable set of positive finite measure occupies more than any prescribed proportion of some dyadic cube Lemma
- A shear sends the unit cube to a set of Lebesgue measure one Lemma
- A subset of ℝⁿ with open supersets of arbitrarily small excess is Lebesgue measurable Lemma
- For a Lebesgue measurable set and every positive ε there is an open superset whose difference from it has outer measure below ε Lemma
- A box with a degenerate side is Lebesgue null, and so is every coordinate hyperplane in ℝⁿ Proposition
- Lebesgue measure is sigma-finite, and every metrically bounded subset of ℝⁿ has finite outer measure Proposition
- A box in ℝⁿ with parameters aᵢ≤ bᵢ is Lebesgue measurable of measure ∏_i<n(bᵢ-aᵢ), whichever of its faces are included Theorem
- A linear map T of ℝⁿ sends Lebesgue measurable sets to Lebesgue measurable sets, with λₙ(T[E])=|det T| λₙ(E) when T is invertible and T[E] Lebesgue null when it is not Theorem
- A translation-invariant measure on the Borel sets of ℝⁿ giving the unit cube measure one is the restriction of Lebesgue measure Theorem
- An invertible linear map of ℝⁿ scales the Lebesgue measure of every Borel set by a positive constant depending only on the map Theorem
- Assuming countable choice, four equivalent descriptions of a Lebesgue measurable subset of ℝⁿ Theorem
- Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue measure of a measurable set is the supremum of the measures of its compact subsets Theorem
- Assuming countable choice, the Lebesgue outer measure of an arbitrary subset of ℝⁿ is the infimum of the measures of the open sets containing it Theorem
- Lebesgue outer measure is at most Jordan outer content, and a bounded Jordan measurable set is Lebesgue measurable with Lebesgue measure equal to its Jordan content Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
43 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory (UC Davis lecture notes), Proposition 2.21 (standard reference, not scraped)
- E. A. Carlen, Notes on Lebesgue Measure on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $S^{n-1}$ (Rutgers Math 501), Proposition 1.4 (standard reference, not scraped)