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LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (deepseek-v4-pro + gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-08-26
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A subset of Rn with open supersets of arbitrarily small excess is Lebesgue measurable

Statement

Let n1 and assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω)). Let ERn be such that for every real ε>0 there is an open UE with λn(UE)<ε. Then there are a Gδ set G (Gδ and Fσ subsets of a topological space, agreeing with the real-line notion) and a set Z with

E  =  GZ,EG,λn(Z)=0,

and E is Lebesgue measurable (Lebesgue measurable sets, the family L(Rn), and the restricted set function λn).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A natural number n1, the Axiom of Countable Choice, and a set ERn admitting open supersets of arbitrarily small outer excess.

[L1]

Assuming countable choice, L(Rn) is a sigma-algebra, λn is a complete measure on it, and every SRn with λn(S)=0 is Lebesgue measurable with λn(S)=0 (Assuming countable choice, L(Rn) is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and λn is a complete measure extending elementary volume).

[L2]

Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of Rn is Lebesgue measurable (Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of Rn is Lebesgue measurable).

[L3]

Assuming countable choice, λn is an outer measure on Rn, hence monotone (Assuming countable choice, Lebesgue outer measure is an outer measure that restricts to elementary volume, Outer measures).

[F1]

A is a Gδ set of X when there is a sequence (Vn)nN of open subsets of X with A=nNVn (Gδ and Fσ subsets of a topological space, agreeing with the real-line notion).

[F3]

For every real ε>0 there is a natural number k1 with 1/k<ε (For every ε>0 in a complete ordered field there is a natural n1 with 1/n<ε).

[F4]

The Axiom of Countable Choice says that for every family (Xn)nN of nonempty sets indexed by N there is a function f with domain N such that f(n)Xn for every nN (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω)).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

For every mN the family of open UE with λn(UE)<1/(m+1) is nonempty by hypothesis, since 1/(m+1) is a positive real, so countable choice selects such a Um for every m.

F3F4
2.1

Put G:=mNUm and Z:=GE; then G is a Gδ set containing E, so E=GZ, and ZUmE for every m, whence monotonicity gives λn(Z)1/(m+1) for every m and therefore λn(Z)=0.

step 1.1L3F1F2F3
3.1

G is a countable intersection of open sets, hence Borel and Lebesgue measurable; Z has outer measure 0, hence is Lebesgue measurable; and E=GZ is a difference of measurable sets, hence Lebesgue measurable.

step 2.1L1L2F1

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