How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
A subset of with open supersets of arbitrarily small excess is Lebesgue measurable
Statement
Let and assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Let be such that for every real there is an open with . Then there are a set ( and subsets of a topological space, agreeing with the real-line notion) and a set with
and is Lebesgue measurable (Lebesgue measurable sets, the family , and the restricted set function ).
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A natural number , the Axiom of Countable Choice, and a set admitting open supersets of arbitrarily small outer excess.
Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra, is a complete measure on it, and every with is Lebesgue measurable with (Assuming countable choice, is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and is a complete measure extending elementary volume).
Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of is Lebesgue measurable (Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of is Lebesgue measurable).
Assuming countable choice, is an outer measure on , hence monotone (Assuming countable choice, Lebesgue outer measure is an outer measure that restricts to elementary volume, Outer measures).
is a set of when there is a sequence of open subsets of with ( and subsets of a topological space, agreeing with the real-line notion).
The product topology on is the metric topology of (A subset of with the product topology is compact exactly when it is closed and bounded, the product topology being the Euclidean metric topology, claim 1; The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement).
For every real there is a natural number with (For every in a complete ordered field there is a natural with ).
The Axiom of Countable Choice says that for every family of nonempty sets indexed by there is a function with domain such that for every (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()).
Proof
For every the family of open with is nonempty by hypothesis, since is a positive real, so countable choice selects such a for every .
Put and ; then is a set containing , so , and for every , whence monotonicity gives for every and therefore .
is a countable intersection of open sets, hence Borel and Lebesgue measurable; has outer measure , hence is Lebesgue measurable; and is a difference of measurable sets, hence Lebesgue measurable.
Depends on
- Assuming countable choice, $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ is a sigma-algebra containing every elementary set and $\lambda_n$ is a complete measure extending elementary volume
- Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ is Lebesgue measurable
- Assuming countable choice, Lebesgue outer measure is an outer measure that restricts to elementary volume
- Outer measures
- $G_\delta$ and $F_\sigma$ subsets of a topological space, agreeing with the real-line notion
- Lebesgue measurable sets, the family $\mathcal{L}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, and the restricted set function $\lambda_n$
- A subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$ with the product topology is compact exactly when it is closed and bounded, the product topology being the Euclidean metric topology
- The metric topology: a set is open when every one of its points has a ball around it inside the set; closed means open complement
- For every $\varepsilon > 0$ in a complete ordered field there is a natural $n \ge 1$ with $1/n < \varepsilon$
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
60 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory (UC Davis lecture notes), Theorem 2.24 (standard reference, not scraped)
- T. Tao, An Introduction to Measure Theory (GSM 126), Exercise 1.2.7 (standard reference, not scraped)