Alphabeta Math
LemmaStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedverified 2026-09-23 (gpt-6-sol)
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Agreement of Borel overlap integrals

Statement

Assume countable choice ACω. For a density r as in Pointwise Borel nonnegative densities, charts x:U→x(U) and y:V→y(V), and every Borel E⊆U∩V, ∫x(E)rx dλn=∫y(E)ry dλnin [0,∞].

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Assume ACω. Manifolds are Hausdorff, second countable and smooth, with boundary allowed; n=0 is allowed unless excluded. Densities are pointwise Borel, 0⋅∞=0, and λ0(R0)=1. Two supplied charts and Borel E; substitution only on their interiors.

[A1]

Countable choice is The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω). It is required by the Borel substitution and boundary-face nullity suppliers below.

[F1]

Pointwise Borel nonnegative densities: The pointwise transition law has the absolute determinant and permits infinite coefficients.

[F2]

Under [A1], Borel change of variables from the compact-support formula and Radon uniqueness: For a C1 diffeomorphism T:W→Z of open Euclidean sets and nonnegative Borel h, ∫Zh=∫W(h∘T)∣det⁡DT∣.

[F3]

Smooth invariance of the manifold boundary: Transitions preserve boundary and interior.

[F4]
[F5]

Under [A1], Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of Rn is Lebesgue measurable: Euclidean Borel sets are Lebesgue measurable.

[F6]

Under [A1], A box with a degenerate side is Lebesgue null, and so is every coordinate hyperplane in Rn: Coordinate faces are Lebesgue-null for positive dimension.

[F7]

A nonnegative integral over a null set vanishes: A nonnegative measurable function has integral zero on a null set, even if infinite there.

Proof

1.1A1F3F4F5given

For n≥1 put W=x(U∩V∩Int⁡M) and Z=y(U∩V∩Int⁡M). These are open in Rn. Boundary invariance makes T=y∘x−1:W→Z a smooth diffeomorphism. The images of E∩Int⁡M are Borel: charts are homeomorphisms and the trace sigma-algebra agrees with relative Borel sets.

2.1A1F1F2step 1.1

On Z take h=1y(E∩Int⁡M)ry, with the zero-times-infinity convention. It is nonnegative Borel. For u∈W, h(Tu)∣det⁡DT(u)∣=1x(E∩Int⁡M)(u)rx(u). Applying the Borel substitution formula to these exact domains and this integrand equates the two interior integrals.

3.1A1F6F7step 2.1

The remaining coordinate pieces of E lie in the face un=0, or are empty for an interior chart. Their integrals vanish by nullity, without boundedness of rx or ry. Adding them back proves the formula for n≥1.

4.1F1given∎

For n=0 each nonempty chart has one point. Thus E is empty or the common singleton. Both integrals are respectively zero or the same weight, because the transition determinant is one. This proves the formula in every dimension, including zero or infinite weight.

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