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Lebesgue-point convergence for radial-majorized kernels

Statement

Assume countable choice. Let n1 and let K:RnC be measurable, with K=1 and K(y)Φ(y), where Φ:[0,)[0,) is bounded, nonincreasing, and J:=Φ(y)dy<. For fL1(Rn;C) and a point x with specified Lebesgue value aC, meaning A(r):=y<rf(xy)ady=o(rn), one has εnK(y/ε)f(xy)dya(ε0). The integral is absolutely convergent for every ε>0. The value a is the Lebesgue-point value, not an arbitrary changed value of the representative; this is the componentwise version of Lebesgue points and the Lebesgue set of an Lloc1 class.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Open subsets of Euclidean space are Lebesgue measurable under countable choice (Assuming countable choice, every Borel subset of Rn is Lebesgue measurable).

[F2]

Measurable balls have positive finite measure by the cube bounds in Euclidean balls have positive finite Lebesgue measure.

[F4]

Tonelli gives countable nonnegative summation under the integral (Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product).

[F5]

Complex Lebesgue substitution holds for C1 diffeomorphisms, including translations, reflections and positive dilations (A C^1 diffeomorphism satisfies the change-of-variables formula for L^1 functions).

Proof

1.1

Balls are open by the triangle inequality, so F1 establishes measurability before the cube bounds F2 are used. Put vn=B(0,1)(0,). F3 gives B(0,r)=vnrn and B(0,r)B(0,r/2)=vn(12n)rn. On that annulus Φ(y)Φ(r); hence rnΦ(r)Jr/[vn(12n)]0 as r, where Jr is the integral over yr/2. Integrability implies these tails tend to zero, by countable additivity on explicit integer annuli. Also disjoint annuli 2j1y<2j, j0, give j02jnΦ(2j)J/[vn(12n)].

F1F2F3F4given
1.2

Write H(y)=f(xy)a. Boundedness of Φ makes the integral with f absolutely convergent: it is at most εnΦ(0)f1 by reflection and translation of Lebesgue measure. Scaling the defining integral of K gives εnK(y/ε)dy=1. Fact F5 applies to these affine diffeomorphisms and supplies both substitutions. Thus the absolute error is at most εnΦ(y/ε)H(y)dy.

F5given
2.1

Given η>0, fix δ>0 such that A(r)ηrn for 0<r<δ. For ε<δ/2, the central ball contributes at most Φ(0)εnA(ε)ηΦ(0). Each dyadic shell 2jεy<2j+1ε whose lower radius is below δ/2 contributes at most εnΦ(2j)A(2j+1ε)η2n2jnΦ(2j). Their sum is bounded by ηC, where C=Φ(0)+2nJ/[vn(12n)], independently of ε. These regions cover y<δ/2.

F4step 1.1step 1.2given
3.1

On yδ/2, the contribution from f(xy) is at most εnΦ(δ/(2ε))f10 by step 1.1. The contribution from a is at most azδ/(2ε)Φ(z)dz0 by integrability and scaling. The total error therefore has limit superior at most ηC. Letting η0 proves convergence. The proof uses the stated countable-choice Euclidean measure interfaces and explicit shells, with no full AC or choice of witnesses at different points.

F5step 1.1step 1.2step 2.1

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