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Gaussian Fourier summability at Lebesgue points
Statement
Assume countable choice. For and , for every , where . As , in and at every Lebesgue point with value one has .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: , , and The Axiom of Countable Choice ().
is bounded by (The L1 transform is bounded and uniformly continuous).
The Gaussian kernels have mass one, form an approximate identity, and equal the inverse Gaussian integral (Gaussian summability kernels).
A bounded integrable decreasing radial majorant gives convergence at every specified Lebesgue value (Lebesgue-point convergence for radial-majorized kernels).
Complex Fubini holds for absolutely integrable product integrands (Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product).
Complex approximate identities converge in each finite norm under countable choice (Complex translation, convolution, approximate identities, and mollification).
Proof
By F1 and Gaussian integrability, the defining integral for is absolutely convergent. Inserting the definition of , the product integrand has modulus , whose double integral is . Use a Borel representative of f as supplied in F5's convolution construction; the resulting integrand is product measurable. F4 therefore gives by F2. This last integral exists at every x since k_t is bounded; substitution gives the stated convolution convention.
F2 and F5 now give . For pointwise recovery, take , and in F3. This profile is bounded, nonnegative and decreasing, its radial integral is one, and the dilated kernel is exactly k_t. Thus at every specified Lebesgue value a, . The two assertions use different estimates; norm convergence alone has not been used to infer pointwise convergence.
Depends on
- The L1 transform is bounded and uniformly continuous
- Gaussian summability kernels
- Lebesgue-point convergence for radial-majorized kernels
- Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
- Every $L^1$ approximate identity converges to the identity in $L^p$ for $1 \le p < \infty$
- Complex translation, convolution, approximate identities, and mollification
Used by
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Sources
- Gerald Teschl, Topics in Real and Functional Analysis (2017) (standard reference, not scraped)