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Fubini's theorem for L^1 functions on a sigma-finite product
Statement
Let and be sigma-finite measure spaces, and let belong to . Then:
- for -almost every , the section belongs to ;
- for -almost every , the section belongs to ;
- after assigning the value on the exceptional parameter sets, the section-integral functions are integrable; and
- the three integrals agree:
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Sigma-finite measure spaces and , and a function .
Tonelli's theorem holds for nonnegative measurable functions on . (Tonelli's theorem for nonnegative measurable functions on a sigma-finite product)
A complex-valued function belongs to exactly when its absolute value has finite integral. (The class of integrable functions)
The Lebesgue integral is linear on . (The Lebesgue integral is linear on )
The triangle inequality gives for every integrable function . (The modulus of an integral is bounded by the integral of the modulus)
Proof
By [L2], the function is nonnegative measurable, and [L1] gives Therefore for -almost every , so for -almost every . The same argument with the variables reversed gives for -almost every and shows that the section integrals of are integrable.
For almost every from step 1.1, [L4] gives Define the section integral to be on the exceptional null set where . The right-hand side is integrable over by step 1.1, so this extended section-integral function is integrable. The same convention and conclusion hold for .
Write , where are the positive and negative parts of the real and imaginary parts of . Each of is integrable because . Applying [L1] to these four nonnegative functions and recombining with [L3] yields the stated equality of the three integrals.
Depends on
Used by
- Density inversion from an integrable characteristic function Corollary
- Finite propagation for scalar conservation laws Corollary
- Mass conservation and positivity of the heat flow Corollary
- The Hilbert transform is bounded on Lp Corollary
- The L^∞ maximum bound for entropy solutions Corollary
- The Riesz transforms are bounded on Lp Corollary
- Equal iterated integrals still do not imply product integrability Counterexample
- Flat hyperplanes do not have spherical stationary-phase decay Counterexample
- Smooth interior data do not repair incompatible Dirichlet corner values Counterexample
- Strong type (1,1) fails for the Hilbert transform Counterexample
- The convex-flux Riemann formula fails for a nonconvex flux Counterexample
- The function (x²-y²)/(x²+y²)² shows that Fubini's integrability hypothesis is not decorative Counterexample
- The translation semigroup is not analytic Counterexample
- Distributional weak solutions of the Cauchy problem Definition
- Fourier coefficients and trigonometric polynomials on the torus Definition
- H-one Riemannian curves and their half-energy Definition
- Kruzhkov entropy solutions Definition
- Period-one Fourier coefficients, partial sums, and convolution on the torus Definition
- The one-dimensional torus and its normalized Haar integral Definition
- A planar discontinuity and the space--time normal form of Rankine--Hugoniot Example
- A point source produces a uniform expanding sphere Example
- Adjoints of shifts, multiplication and integral operators Example
- Affine flux reduces the entropy semigroup to translation Example
- Conditional density of a bivariate normal law Example
- Holes and truncated space-time cones Example
- Newtonian Hessian kernels fit the Calderón–Zygmund framework Example
- Nonconvex Riemann data can require a composite shock--rarefaction wave Example
- Poisson kernel transform and Abel summability on the line Example
- The Brownian p-variation threshold Example
- The Hilbert transform of an H¹ atom is integrable Example
- The Riesz kernel is a standard Calderón–Zygmund kernel Example
- The right-translation semigroup on Lp has the weak derivative as generator Example
- The sectorial multiplication operator Example
- The square of the Volterra operator has zero trace Example
- Volterra operator is Hilbert Schmidt and quasinilpotent Example
- A system of imprimitivity integrates to a nondegenerate representation of the transformation algebra Lemma
- Analytic Poisson integrals are exactly the measures with vanishing negative coefficients Lemma
- Carleson real line to torus transfer Lemma
- Characters of the L1 algebra of an abelian group Lemma
- Compact convolution operators commute with right translations and have conjugate-kernel adjoints Lemma
…and 96 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
15 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Terence Tao, An Introduction to Measure Theory, Theorem 1.7.21 (standard reference, not scraped)
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory, Theorem 5.18 (standard reference, not scraped)