How statement and proof provenance work
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These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
The Lebesgue integral is linear on
Statement
The class is a complex vector space, and the Lebesgue integral is complex-linear on it:
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Integrable functions and scalars .
Real and complex integrability, together with the decomposition into positive and negative parts and into real and imaginary parts, is defined in Integrable real and complex functions, and their integrals.
The nonnegative integral is additive (Additivity of the nonnegative Lebesgue integral).
The nonnegative integral is monotone and homogeneous (Monotonicity and nonnegative homogeneity of the nonnegative integral).
Sums and real scalar multiples of measurable real-valued functions are measurable (Closure properties of measurable functions used by the integral).
Proof
First treat real-valued and put . By [L4], the function is measurable. Also so [L2] and [L3] give Hence is integrable. Since another application of [L2] yields which rearranges to
Now let and let be real-valued. By [L4], is measurable. If , then if , then In both cases [L3] shows that is integrable and that
Let and . Then The real-valued functions and are integrable by steps 1.1 and 1.2, and their real-linear integral formulas combine into Writing and with real-valued integrable , step 1.1 gives
Depends on
Used by
- A C¹ diffeomorphism satisfies the change-of-variables formula for L¹ functions Corollary
- Irreducible characters are orthonormal class functions Corollary
- Layer-cake formulas for random variables Corollary
- Linearity, monotonicity, and the modulus bound for expectation Corollary
- Second moment is the expected predictable quadratic variation Corollary
- Wald first equation under integrable stopping Corollary
- Cantor function has singular distributional derivative Counterexample
- Linearity can fail without an integrability hypothesis Counterexample
- Strong fractional integration fails at p equal to one Counterexample
- The fundamental Hessian is not absolutely locally integrable Counterexample
- Direct integral of a measurable Hilbert field Definition
- Discrete martingale transform Definition
- Fourier coefficients and trigonometric polynomials on the torus Definition
- Multivariate normal law, including singular covariance Definition
- Predictable quadratic variation in discrete time Definition
- Reiter's condition (P1) Definition
- The one-dimensional torus and its normalized Haar integral Definition
- The Poisson integral of a finite complex boundary measure Definition
- The standard intertwining operator A(nu) Definition
- A character is positive definite Example
- A circle representation with an averaged orthogonal weight form Example
- A two-dimensional pulse has a tail inside the cone Example
- An integral constraint and its constant multiplier Example
- Brownian bridge from Brownian motion Example
- Characteristic functions of bernoulli binomial and poisson laws Example
- Compact groups have a constant Reiter net Example
- Dyadic conditional expectation martingale Example
- Flux normalization on every centered sphere Example
- Heat comparison preserves an interval of values Example
- Knapp cap and dual tube volume calculation Example
- Matching C¹ pieces across a hyperplane have no jump derivative Example
- Newton shell theorem from harmonic mean values Example
- Newtonian potential of radial compact data Example
- Partial sums of independent centered variables are a martingale Example
- Radial second moment of multidimensional Brownian motion Example
- Sharp Sobolev threshold for a radial power Example
- The Haar orthonormal basis of L²((0,1)) Example
- The positive-type Gaussian on the real line and its cyclic model Example
- The two-dimensional logarithmic kernel has unit normalized flux Example
- Two-step functions expose the L² conjugation convention Example
…and 105 more results.
Dependency tree · two levels
14 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Richard F. Bass, Real Analysis for Graduate Students, Theorem 7.4 (standard reference, not scraped)
- John K. Hunter, Measure Theory Notes, Proposition 4.9 (standard reference, not scraped)