Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-22
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

A transverse Banach bundle section has a split zero submanifold

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let π:EM be a smooth Banach vector bundle over a Banach manifold M (Smooth Banach vector bundle and section), assume that the specified smooth atlas of M is maximal among compatible smooth charts, and let s:ME be a smooth section which is transverse to the zero section, meaning that at every zero p of s the vertical derivative Dvs(p):TpMEp is surjective with complemented kernel. Then the zero set s1(0) is a split smooth submanifold of M and

Tp(s1(0))=kerDvs(p)for every ps1(0).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: AC, a smooth Banach vector bundle π:EM, a maximal specified smooth atlas on M, and a smooth section s whose vertical derivative is onto with complemented kernel at every zero.

[L1]

The definition of the vertical derivative and its independence of the trivialization, including the transformation DσΨ(p)=g(p)DσΦ(p) at a zero (Smooth Banach vector bundle and section).

[L2]

Regular value theorem for Banach manifolds (Regular value theorem for Banach manifolds), applied under the assumed AC and its maximal-domain-atlas hypothesis: a Ck map, k1 (including k=), whose derivative at every point of a level set is onto with complemented kernel has that level set as a split Ck submanifold with tangent equal to the kernel.

[L3]

Split submanifolds and their local character (Split Banach submanifold); tangents of open subsets of a Banach space are identified with the model space (Tangent space and differential on a Banach manifold); tensor and operator calculus as used for the transformation in [L1] (Chain sum product and composition rules for Banach derivatives).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Let p be a zero of s and let Φ be a smooth local trivialization over an open neighbourhood U of p; then σ:=pr2Φs:UF is smooth and σ1(0)=s1(0)U. For every qσ1(0), [L1] identifies Dσ(q):TqUF with Dvs(q) followed by the fibre isomorphism Φq:EqF. Thus Dσ(q) is surjective with complemented kernel for every point of this local zero set. The atlas on U formed by restrictions of charts of the maximal smooth atlas on M is itself maximal: every compatible smooth chart on U is also compatible with the atlas of M (charts not meeting its domain are automatically compatible), and hence already belongs to that atlas.

L1L3
2.1

Apply [L2] with k= to the smooth map σ:UF at the value 0. The domain carries the maximal smooth atlas verified in [step 1.1], and every point of σ1(0) has derivative onto with complemented kernel. Therefore σ1(0) is a split smooth submanifold of U and Tq(σ1(0))=kerDσ(q) for every qσ1(0).

step 1.1L2
3.1

Since U is open in M, the set σ1(0)=s1(0)U is a split submanifold of M as well, with the same tangent spaces: splitness is local by [L3] and the local charts of U are charts of M.

step 2.1L3
4.1

The zeros of s are covered by such neighbourhoods U as p ranges over s1(0); by [step 3.1] each point of s1(0) has a split chart in M, so s1(0) is a split smooth submanifold of M.

step 3.1L3
4.2

For the tangent description, fix a zero p and two trivializations Φ over U and Ψ over V with pUV, and let σΦ,σΨ be the corresponding local representatives; [L1] gives DσΨ(p)=g(p)DσΦ(p), where g(p) is the invertible fibre isomorphism of the cocycle. Hence the kernels of DσΨ(p) and DσΦ(p) coincide, and the kernel of Dvs(p) is intrinsically characterised as the set of ξTpM with DσΦ(p)ξ=0 for one, equivalently every, trivialization around p.

step 3.1L1L3
5.1

Combining [step 2.1] with [step 4.2]: for a zero p, Tp(s1(0))=kerDσΦ(p)=kerDvs(p), the first equality because σ1(0) is the zero set of the local representative and the tangent of a split submanifold is computed in its charts, the second by the trivialization-independence just proved.

step 2.1step 4.2L1L3

Depends on

Used by

Nothing in the library uses this result yet.

Dependency tree · two levels

34 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources