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A transverse Banach bundle section has a split zero submanifold
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice). Let be a smooth Banach vector bundle over a Banach manifold (Smooth Banach vector bundle and section), assume that the specified smooth atlas of is maximal among compatible smooth charts, and let be a smooth section which is transverse to the zero section, meaning that at every zero of the vertical derivative is surjective with complemented kernel. Then the zero set is a split smooth submanifold of and
Facts & Assumptions
Given: AC, a smooth Banach vector bundle , a maximal specified smooth atlas on , and a smooth section whose vertical derivative is onto with complemented kernel at every zero.
The definition of the vertical derivative and its independence of the trivialization, including the transformation at a zero (Smooth Banach vector bundle and section).
Regular value theorem for Banach manifolds (Regular value theorem for Banach manifolds), applied under the assumed AC and its maximal-domain-atlas hypothesis: a map, (including ), whose derivative at every point of a level set is onto with complemented kernel has that level set as a split submanifold with tangent equal to the kernel.
Split submanifolds and their local character (Split Banach submanifold); tangents of open subsets of a Banach space are identified with the model space (Tangent space and differential on a Banach manifold); tensor and operator calculus as used for the transformation in [L1] (Chain sum product and composition rules for Banach derivatives).
Proof
Let be a zero of and let be a smooth local trivialization over an open neighbourhood of ; then is smooth and . For every , [L1] identifies with followed by the fibre isomorphism . Thus is surjective with complemented kernel for every point of this local zero set. The atlas on formed by restrictions of charts of the maximal smooth atlas on is itself maximal: every compatible smooth chart on is also compatible with the atlas of (charts not meeting its domain are automatically compatible), and hence already belongs to that atlas.
Apply [L2] with to the smooth map at the value . The domain carries the maximal smooth atlas verified in [step 1.1], and every point of has derivative onto with complemented kernel. Therefore is a split smooth submanifold of and for every .
Since is open in , the set is a split submanifold of as well, with the same tangent spaces: splitness is local by [L3] and the local charts of are charts of .
The zeros of are covered by such neighbourhoods as ranges over ; by [step 3.1] each point of has a split chart in , so is a split smooth submanifold of .
For the tangent description, fix a zero and two trivializations over and over with , and let be the corresponding local representatives; [L1] gives , where is the invertible fibre isomorphism of the cocycle. Hence the kernels of and coincide, and the kernel of is intrinsically characterised as the set of with for one, equivalently every, trivialization around .
Combining [step 2.1] with [step 4.2]: for a zero , , the first equality because is the zero set of the local representative and the tangent of a split submanifold is computed in its charts, the second by the trivialization-independence just proved.
Depends on
- Smooth Banach vector bundle and section
- Regular value theorem for Banach manifolds
- Split Banach submanifold
- The Axiom of Choice
- Countable base Banach manifold and smooth map
- Tangent space and differential on a Banach manifold
- Chain sum product and composition rules for Banach derivatives
- A complemented closed subspace of a normed space
- Banach manifold differentials are chart independent
Used by
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Sources
- Alberto Abbondandolo and Pietro Majer, Lectures on the Morse Complex — §2.12 (standard reference, not scraped)