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Under Dependent Choice, an injective bounded operator between Banach spaces has a bounded left inverse exactly when its range is closed and complemented
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Dependent Choice (The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain).
Let and be Banach spaces over the same scalar field, and let be an injective bounded linear operator. Then has a bounded left inverse if and only if is closed and complemented in .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: Banach spaces and , an injective bounded linear operator , and a bounded linear operator .
Dependent Choice is assumed (The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an -indexed chain).
A bounded left inverse means (Bounded left inverses and bounded right inverses).
Complemented subspaces are exactly the ranges of bounded projections (A closed subspace is complemented exactly when it is the range of a bounded projection).
For bounded operators between Banach spaces, injective with closed range is equivalent to bounded below (Under Dependent Choice, a bounded operator between Banach spaces is bounded below exactly when it is injective with closed range).
Proof
Assume is a bounded left inverse of , so by [L1]. If in , then because is bounded. Since is bounded as well, . Hence , so is closed.
Conversely, assume is closed and complemented in . Since is injective and has closed range, [L0] and [L3] make it bounded below. Thus the inverse defined by is bounded.
With , one has . If and , then , so is bounded. For every , lies in . If is already in the range, then . So , and [L2] shows that the range is complemented.
Let be a bounded projection onto , given by [L2]. Then is bounded and for every . Hence is a bounded left inverse of .
Steps 2.1 and 2.2 prove the equivalence.
Depends on
- Bounded left inverses and bounded right inverses
- A bounded linear operator between normed spaces
- The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an $\mathbb{N}$-indexed chain
- A closed subspace is complemented exactly when it is the range of a bounded projection
- Under Dependent Choice, a bounded operator between Banach spaces is bounded below exactly when it is injective with closed range
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
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Sources
- Haim Brezis, Functional Analysis, Sobolev Spaces and Partial Differential Equations (standard reference, not scraped)
- Gerald Teschl, Topics in Real and Functional Analysis (standard reference, not scraped)