How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Conditional independence of SH
Statement
In the external metatheory, if ZFC is consistent, then both ZFC+SH and ZFC+SH are consistent. Consequently, under the same consistency hypothesis,
Here consistency and derivability refer to the fixed certified finite proof predicates. The conclusion is conditional metamathematical independence; it is not the assertion that ZFC internally proves its own consistency or either non-derivability statement.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: external for the fixed proof predicate and contradiction sentence.
External consistency of ZFC implies external consistency of ZFC+SH. External relative consistency of the Suslin Hypothesis
PA proves, and hence the external metatheory validates, that consistency of ZFC implies consistency of ZFC+SH. Formal relative consistency of not SH
means that there is no actual certified finite -refutation of the fixed contradiction. The standard certified provability predicate
SH is the assertion that no strong-convention Suslin line exists, so SH is its literal logical negation. The Suslin Hypothesis and Suslin algebras
Proof
By the given consistency hypothesis and [F1], ZFC+SH has no certified finite refutation. By [F2], ZFC+SH has no certified finite refutation. These are external conclusions about the two fixed proof predicates; the weaker first supplier prevents promoting this conjunction to a new PA theorem here.
Suppose that were a certified ZFC proof of SH. Every ZFC axiom and logical inference used by is also available in ZFC+SH. Regard as a derivation in that extension, append its one added axiom SH, and then append a fixed propositional derivation of the chosen contradiction from SH and SH. This would be a certified finite ZFC+SH refutation, contrary to step 1.1. Hence .
Conversely, suppose that were a certified ZFC proof of SH. View in ZFC+SH, append the single added SH axiom, and use the same fixed propositional contradiction block with its two premises interchanged. This would refute ZFC+SH, again contradicting step 1.1. Hence .
Steps 1.1-2.2 give both consistency conclusions and both non-derivability conclusions under external . The argument transforms only actual certified finite proofs. Malformed codes do not satisfy the proof predicate, and the empty line sequence is not silently treated as a refutation. Each hypothetical non-derivability witness uses exactly one occurrence of the opposite extension's added axiom; no set-theoretic choice is made in either proof splice.
Remarks
- The result says neither SH nor its negation is derivable from ZFC, provided ZFC is consistent. It does not choose a true side of SH in the ambient universe.
- All uses of the axiom of choice occur inside the object-theoretic suppliers. The final metamathematical proof splices finite derivations and makes no family choice.
Depends on
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
17 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Monk, Set theory following Jech, Chapters 15-16 (standard reference, not scraped)