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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-13
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Continuous dual of a weak star topology

Statement

Assume HB (The real dominated-extension principle as an additional hypothesis over ZF). Every weak-star continuous scalar-linear L:XK is evaluation L(f)=f(x) at a unique xX. Existence alone is choice-free; HB is used for uniqueness.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Weak-star neighborhoods are finite evaluation disk intersections (Basic weak star neighborhoods).

[F2]

Under HB, X separates points of X (Relative dual norming, point separation, and recovery of the norm).

Proof

Given: a real or complex normed space X and a weak-star continuous scalar-linear L; assume HB for uniqueness.

1.1

Continuity at zero gives points x1,,xm and ε>0 such that L(f)<1 when f(xj)<ε for all j. If all evaluations vanish, the same bound holds for every tf, forcing L(f)=0. Thus L vanishes on the kernel of A(f)=(f(x1),,f(xm)).

givenF1
2.1

The rule (Af)=L(f) is therefore well-defined and linear on A(X)Km. Take a finite basis of this image and extend it to a basis of Km, adding standard coordinate vectors successively. Extend by zero on added basis vectors. Writing its coordinate coefficients as cj gives L(f)=jcjf(xj)=f(jcjxj). Set x=jcjxj. Empty coordinates give L=0 and x=0. This finite construction needs no choice axiom.

step 1.1algebra
3.1

Every evaluation at a given x is weak-star continuous. If x,y give the same evaluation then f(xy)=0 for every fX. Under HB point separation implies x=y. This includes the zero space and proves the asserted identification and its uniqueness.

step 2.1F1F2

Depends on

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Sources