Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-09
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Canonical countable Lindenbaum–Henkin construction

Statement

In classical ZF, given an explicit injection of a set signature L into ω and a consistent L-sentence theory T, there is a countable constant expansion L∞ and a consistent, deductively closed, syntactically complete Henkin sentence theory H⊇T in it. A seed constant is included. Countability here means an injection into ω; no effective decision algorithm is asserted.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The explicit signature injection and consistency of T.

[F1]

The potential staged alphabet and its finite syntax have uniform natural-number codes and exhaustive sentence sequences. (Canonical natural-number codes for countable Henkin syntax)

[F2]

A fresh witness axiom preserves consistency, and a seed constant alone is conservative. (Adding one fresh witness preserves consistency)

[F3]

A consistent theory can decide a sentence, taking its positive side if consistent and its negative side otherwise. (A consistent theory can decide one sentence)

[F4]

Finite support, proof composition and consistency of increasing unions hold. (Finite support, weakening, and composition of derivations)

[F5]

A specified successor operation on a set with an initial state has a unique natural-number recursion. (The recursion theorem)

[F6]

Arbitrary pure constant expansions are conservative for original sentences. (Fresh constants may be eliminated from a finite proof)

Proof

1.1F1F2F6

Start with L0=L∪{c∗} and T0=T, consistent in L0 by F2. For each round n, F1 provides a fixed exhaustive sequence (σn,k)k<ω of Ln-sentences. Reserve a distinct constant cn,k for each index k, disjoint from Ln. Let Ln+1 include all these constants, and regard Tn in this pure expansion; it remains consistent by F6.

2.1F2F3F6step 1.1

In round n put U0=Tn. At index k put Vk=Uk∪{σn,k} if this is consistent, and Vk=Uk∪{¬σn,k} otherwise. F3 makes Vk consistent. If σn,k=∃xϕ, put Uk+1=Vk∪{∃xϕ→ϕ[cn,k/x]}; otherwise put Uk+1=Vk. The new constant occurs in neither Vk nor the matrix, since only earlier indices have been used and every enumerated sentence belongs to Ln. F2 gives consistency in the one-constant extension, and F6 gives it in the whole Ln+1. Thus each Uk is consistent.

3.1F1F4F5step 2.1

The test “has no finite proof of bottom” is a set-theoretic predicate, so the successor rule in step 2.1 is a definable function, even when not computable. Encode its state by the index and the current subset of the potential sentence set; define any unused malformed-state transition to a fixed state. F5 then supplies the inner sequence, and F4 makes Tn+1=⋃kUk consistent. The outer round operation is likewise definable on a set of language/theory states, so F5 supplies all rounds. No arbitrary choice of enumerations or of consistent sides is made.

4.1F1F4F6step 3.1

Put L∞=⋃nLn and U=⋃nTn. Each Tn remains consistent in L∞ by F6, so F4 gives consistency of U. Every finite formula in L∞ lies in some Ln by F1. Round n therefore decides each such sentence and supplies a witness axiom for every such existential sentence. Repeated enumeration entries do no harm: each index has its own fresh constant.

5.1F1F4step 4.1∎

Let H={σ∈Sent⁡(L∞):U⊢σ}. This is a set by Separation. If H proved bottom, finite support would use finitely many members of H; replace them by their finite U-proofs using F4 to contradict consistency of U. The same composition shows that every sentence consequence of H already belongs to H. It contains U, all decisions and all witness axioms from step 4.1, and the seed is a closed term. F1 injects the union alphabet and syntax into ω. Thus H has every asserted property in ZF.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources