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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
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Existence of a left Haar integral

Statement

Assume AC. Every LCH group admits a nonzero positive left-invariant real-linear functional on Cc(G;R) and its complex-linear extension on Cc(G;C).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: An LCH group and AC.

[F1]

The target is a nonzero positive invariant real-linear functional. (Left Haar integral and left Haar measure)

[F2]

A nonnegative cutoff f00 and a common point T give an additive homogeneous positive-cone functional with T(f0)=1. (Haar candidate sets have the finite intersection property)

[A1]

AC is assumed in the choice-function form stated in the cited definition. (The Axiom of Choice)

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

Take a nonzero nonnegative cutoff at the identity and a common point T from [F2]. That lemma gives T(u+v)=T(u)+T(v) for all nonnegative u,v; it is positively homogeneous, invariant, and T(f0)=1.

F2A1
2.1

Every real fCc(G) is uv with u=f+ and v=f. Define I(f)=T(u)T(v). If also f=uv with nonnegative terms, then u+v=u+v, so additivity gives T(u)T(v)=T(u)T(v). The value is independent of the decomposition.

step 1.1
3.1

Adding decompositions and multiplying them by a nonnegative scalar proves additivity and positive homogeneity of I; exchanging their terms gives I(f)=I(f), hence real linearity. For f0 use f0 to obtain I(f)=T(f)0. Translating both nonnegative terms gives I(Laf)=I(f); I(f0)=1 makes I nonzero. Finally IC(u+iv)=I(u)+iI(v) is well-defined by unique real and imaginary parts, and IC(i(u+iv))=I(v)+iI(u)=iIC(u+iv) proves complex linearity together with real linearity.

F1step 1.1step 2.1

Sources

Knapp, Advanced Real Analysis, VI §2, pp.225–230, Lemmas 6.9–6.13. Local argument and conventions as displayed above.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources