How statement and proof provenance work
The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
- Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
- AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
- AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.
These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
For a flat module, faithful flatness is equivalent to detecting nonzero modules and residue fields
Statement
Assume the Axiom of Choice for the maximal-ideal detection step.
Let be a commutative ring and let be a flat -module. The following are equivalent:
- is faithfully flat.
- For every nonzero -module , one has .
- For every prime ideal ,
- For every maximal ideal ,
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A commutative ring and a flat -module .
Faithful flatness means that tensoring with reflects exactness (Flat and faithfully flat modules and ring homomorphisms).
Flatness preserves injections, hence tensoring a monomorphism with remains injective (Flatness is equivalent to preserving injections and to the ideal and finitely generated ideal tests).
Proof
If is faithfully flat and , then the map is nonzero. If were zero, tensoring would turn the nonzero map into the zero map, contradicting exactness reflection in [L1]. Thus 1 implies 2.
Condition 2 implies 3 by taking , and 3 implies 4 by restricting to maximal primes.
Assume 4. Let and choose . The cyclic submodule injects into . Choose a maximal ideal containing . Then there is a surjection Tensoring with preserves the injection by [L2], and the target tensor is nonzero by 4. Hence So 4 implies 2.
Assume 2 and let be a complex whose tensor with is exact. Since is flat, it is enough to prove exactness at . If is not in the image of , then it defines a nonzero element of the quotient But tensoring with kills , because the tensor complex is exact. This contradicts 2. Hence , and the original complex is exact. Therefore is faithfully flat.
The four conditions are equivalent.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
11 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Stacks Project, Lemmas 10.39.14 and 10.39.15 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Allen B. Altman and Steven L. Kleiman, A Term of Commutative Algebra, Exercise (9.10) (standard reference, not scraped)