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Finite characteristically simple groups are direct products of isomorphic simple groups

Statement

Let G be a nontrivial finite characteristically simple group. Then there is a finite simple group T and an integer r≥1 such that

G≅Tr.

In particular, G is an internal direct product of pairwise isomorphic simple normal subgroups.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A nontrivial finite characteristically simple group G.

[A1]

Every nontrivial finite group has a minimal normal subgroup.

[A2]

If N is a minimal normal subgroup of a finite characteristically simple group G, then every automorphic image of N is again a minimal normal subgroup, distinct images centralize one another, and the subgroup generated by all such images is characteristic in G.

[L1]

Normal subgroups N1,…,Nr form an internal direct product when they generate the ambient group and Ni∩⟨Nj:j≠i⟩=1 for every i (Internal direct products of finitely many normal subgroups).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1A1choose

By [A1], choose a minimal normal subgroup N⊴G.

2.1A2step 1.1choose

Let N1,…,Nr be an irredundant family of automorphic images of N that generates the subgroup H generated by all automorphic images. By [A2], the subgroup H is characteristic in G, so H=G because G is characteristically simple and N≠1.

3.1L1A2step 2.1algebra

Fix i and put Pi=⟨Nj:j≠i⟩. The intersection Ni∩Pi is normal in G: both factors are normal, and the intersection is preserved by conjugation. Minimality of Ni makes this intersection either 1 or Ni. The latter would put Ni inside the subgroup generated by the other images, contradicting irredundancy. Hence Ni∩Pi=1 for every i. Together with step 2.1, [A2], and [L1], this makes G=N1×⋯×Nr an internal direct product.

4.1step 2.1step 3.1algebra∎

Let K⊴Ni. Since the other direct factors centralize Ni, conjugation by them fixes K, while conjugation by Ni preserves K by normality. Step 3.1 says these factors generate G, so K⊴G. Minimality of Ni gives K=1 or K=Ni; thus Ni is simple. All Ni are automorphic images of N, so they are pairwise isomorphic to one finite simple group T. Therefore G≅Tr.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources