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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-16
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Graph removal lemma for a fixed ordinary subgraph

Statement

For every finite simple graph H and every ϵ>0 there are δ>0 and n0 such that the following holds. If a graph G of order n≥n0 has fewer than δn∣V(H)∣ injective edge-preserving maps from H to G, then one can delete fewer than ϵn2 edges from G and obtain an H-free graph.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A fixed graph H, a parameter ϵ>0, and a sufficiently large graph G.

[L1]

For every 0<γ<1 and every prescribed m0≥1 there is M=M(γ,m0) such that every graph of order n≥M has an equitable γ-regular vertex partition into k parts with m0≤k≤M (Szemerédi regularity lemma with an equitable partition and an explicit tower-type upper bound for graphs of order at least m0).

[L2]

For fixed H, regular pairs of density bounded below contain a positive product-proportion of injective part-respecting copies of H (Counting lemma: regular dense pairs contain many part-respecting copies of every fixed graph).

[L3]

A finite simple graph has no loops or multiple edges, so deleting an edge changes one unordered vertex pair (A finite simple graph is a finite vertex set together with a set of two-element vertex subsets).

Proof

technique · contraposition
1.1contrapositive-reducegivenL1L2choose

We prove the contrapositive. Put h=∣V(H)∣, choose 0<η<1 with η≪ϵ, then choose a regularity parameter 0<γ<η small enough for [L2], so 0<γ<1 as [L1] requires. Set m0=⌈8/ϵ⌉ and require n0≥max⁡(M(γ,m0),8/ϵ). Apply [L1] at γ with minimum part count m0, obtaining an equitable γ-regular partition into k parts with m0≤k≤M.

2.1step 1.1choose

From G delete every edge inside a partition part, every edge across a γ-irregular pair, and every edge across a regular pair of density below η. Call the resulting graph G′.

3.1step 1.1step 2.1L1L3algebra

Equitability bounds the within-part deletions by ∑i∣Vi∣2≤nmax⁡i∣Vi∣≤n(n/k+1)=n2/k+n, and k≥m0≥8/ϵ together with n≥n0≥8/ϵ make this at most ϵn2/4 by [L1]; γ-regularity bounds the irregular-pair deletions by γn2; and the low-density pairs contribute at most ηn2. Choose γ,η so that γ+η<ϵ/2. Hence fewer than ϵn2 edges were deleted, each changing one unordered vertex pair by [L3].

4.1assume-hypstep 2.1step 3.1

Assume that fewer than ϵn2 deletions cannot make G H-free. Then G′ contains a copy of H. Assign to each vertex of H the partition part containing its image. Every edge of H lies across a γ-regular pair of density at least η.

5.1step 4.1L2algebra

Apply [L2] to those assigned parts. Since each has size at least n/(2M) for the fixed regularity bound M, the original graph contains at least c∏i=1h∣Wi∣≥c(2M)−hnh injective copies of H. Put δ=c(2M)−h.

6.1step 1.1step 5.1discharge-contrapositive∎

Thus every graph requiring at least ϵn2 edge deletions contains at least δnh copies of H, which is the contrapositive of the Statement.

Depends on

Used by

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Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources