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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (deepseek-v4-pro + claude-sonnet-5)audited 2026-08-17
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Every group of order 105 has normal Sylow 5- and 7-subgroups and is not simple

Statement

Every group of order 105 has normal Sylow 5- and 7-subgroups and is not simple. See Sylow III: np1(modp) and npm when G=pam with pm.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The hypotheses and objects in the Statement.

[L1]

Let G=pam with pm. Then the number of Sylow p-subgroups satisfies np(G)1(modp),np(G)m.. (Sylow III: np1(modp) and npm when G=pam with pm).

[L2]

A Sylow p-subgroup of a finite group is normal if and only if it is the unique Sylow p-subgroup. (A Sylow p-subgroup is normal if and only if it is unique).

[L3]

If HG and NG, then HN is a subgroup and HNH. Here HN:={hn:hH, nN}. (If HG and NG, then HN is a subgroup and HNH).

[L4]

Let HG. Left multiplication defines a transitive action on G/H, and the corresponding homomorphism ρ:GSym(G/H) has kerρ=CoreG(H). (Left multiplication on G/H is transitive, has stabiliser H at H, and has kernel CoreG(H)).

[L5]

The image of a group homomorphism is a subgroup and its kernel is a normal subgroup. For every group homomorphism f:GH, one has imfH and kerfG. (The image of a group homomorphism is a subgroup and its kernel is a normal subgroup).

[L6]

First isomorphism theorem for groups: G/kerfimf. For every homomorphism f:GH, the rule gkerff(g) is an isomorphism from G/kerf onto imf. (First isomorphism theorem for groups: G/kerfimf).

[L7]

Let NG. If [G:N] is finite, then the quotient group G/N is finite and G/N=[G:N]. In particular, if G is finite, then G/N=GN.. (If [G:N] is finite then G/N=[G:N]; for finite G this equals G/N).

[L8]

Let p<q be primes. - If p(q1), every group of order pq is cyclic. - If p(q1), there are exactly two isomorphism classes of groups of order pq: the cyclic group Cpq and one nonabelian semidirect product CqCp. (Classification of groups of order pq for primes p<q).

[L9]

If NG and P is a normal Sylow p-subgroup of N, then PG. (A normal Sylow subgroup of a normal subgroup is normal in the whole group).

[L10]

A group G is simple if G{1} and its only normal subgroups are {1} and G, where normality is as in def-normal-subgroup. (Simple groups).

[L11]

If HG and G is finite, then G=[G:H]H; in particular H divides G. (Lagrange's theorem: G=[G:H]H for every subgroup H of a finite group G).

[L12]

A set of cardinality n has exactly n! bijections to itself; in particular the symmetric group on three points has order 3!=6. (A finite set A with A=n has exactly n! bijections onto itself, and n! bijections onto any set of the same cardinality).

[L13]

For HG, the core K=CoreG(H) is a normal subgroup of G, satisfies KH, and contains every normal subgroup of G that is contained in H. (CoreG(H) is the largest normal subgroup of G contained in H).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

The nonunique counts n5=21 and n7=15 would already contribute 84+90 distinct nonidentity elements, so at least one of the two Sylow subgroups is normal.

L1L2L3L4L5L6L7L8L9L10givenalgebra
2.1

Let P be the normal Sylow subgroup supplied by step 1.1 and let Q be a Sylow subgroup for the other prime. By [L3], H=PQ is a subgroup. Its multiplication map P×QPQ has fibres indexed by PQ=1, so H=PQ=35.

L3step 1.1givenalgebra
3.1

The action on the three left cosets has kernel K=CoreG(H), and KH by [L13]. By [L6], G/K is isomorphic to a subgroup of the symmetric group on three points, so [L11] and [L12] give [G:K]6. Also [L7] and [L11] give [G:K]105, while KH gives 3=[G:H][G:K]. Hence [G:K]=3=[G:H], so K=H and HG.

L4L5L6L7L11L12L13step 2.1givenalgebra
4.1

The order-pq classification [L8] makes H cyclic, and its Sylow 5- and 7-subgroups are normal in H and therefore normal in G by [L9]. Either is a nontrivial proper normal subgroup of G, so [L10] also shows that G is not simple.

L8L9L10step 3.1given

Depends on

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