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Hodge star is a smooth bundle isomorphism
Statement
The Hodge star exists uniquely and is a smooth bundle isomorphism in every degree .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: An oriented Riemannian manifold and its normalized exterior metric.
Riemannian hodge star: On an oriented Riemannian -manifold, for the Hodge star is the fibrewise map characterized by for every pair of -covectors. The pairing is the determinant-normalized one of prop-riemannian-metrics-induce-metrics-on-dual-tensor-and-exterior-bundles, and the positive unit volume form is prop-the-riemannian-volume-form-is-the-unique-positive-unit-top-form. This is the ordinary, orientation-dependent star, with no orientation-line twist. Existence, uniqueness and smoothness are proved in thm-hodge-star-is-a-smooth-bundle-isomorphism. For , it multiplies by the chosen orientation sign.
Wedge monomials in a dual basis form a basis: Let be a basis of , with dual basis . Then the wedges form a basis of .
Proof
For , take a local positive smooth coframe and apply Gram–Schmidt: subtract its projections on preceding normalized covectors and divide by the positive norm of the residual. Independence ensures nonzero residuals, and positive square roots make the coefficients smooth. This gives an oriented orthonormal coframe . For each increasing multi-index , define , where .
For an increasing of size , is zero unless , because otherwise an index repeats, and when it equals the positive volume form. Thus it equals . Bilinearity proves the defining equation for arbitrary covectors. If two proposed images of differ, expansion of their difference in the complementary wedge basis and pairing with each forces every coefficient zero. Hence the image is unique.
Uniqueness makes local formulas agree on overlaps. Their matrices in these smooth frames are signed permutations, hence smooth and invertible, with smooth inverse matrices. For , the map on the scalar fibre is with locally constant orientation sign ; it satisfies the equation and is its own inverse. Empty base gives the empty bundle map.
Source locator
Lee, Chapter 16, Problem 16-18(c–e), pp.437–438; existence is supplied here by the full complementary-wedge calculation, not by treating the exercise as a proof.
Depends on
Used by
- Hodge star on euclidean three space Example
- The hodge star is defined without an orientation False statement
- Hodge star squared sign Proposition
- Riemannian inner product of compactly supported forms Proposition
Cited to discharge well-definedness by Riemannian hodge star.
Dependency tree · two levels
7 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- John M. Lee, Introduction to Smooth Manifolds, second edition (standard reference, not scraped)