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Riemannian inner product of compactly supported forms

Statement

Under countable choice, on an oriented Riemannian manifold the formula (α,β)=∫Mα∧∗β is a positive-definite real inner product on compactly supported smooth k-forms, 0≤k≤n.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: Compactly supported real forms α,β of one fixed degree, and countable choice.

[F1]

Hodge star is a smooth bundle isomorphism: The Hodge star exists uniquely and is a smooth bundle isomorphism in every degree 0≤k≤n.

[F2]

Riemannian volume of a compactly supported smooth density: Assume countable choice. For smooth compactly supported f, define ∫Mfμg by the intrinsic smooth density integral. More generally every compactly supported signed smooth density σ has its existing intrinsic integral, independently of a Riemannian metric. lem-the-riemannian-volume-density-is-coordinate-independent makes fμg a smooth compactly supported density. Apply def-integral-of-a-compactly-supported-smooth-density and thm-density-integration-is-defined-without-an-orientation; def-countable-choice is inherited precisely at chart-partition selection. In a chart the summand is the integral of the partition-weighted coefficient fdet⁡G. On a zero-manifold it is the finite sum of scalar density values, and empty support gives zero. No orientation is required.

[F3]

Positivity of the oriented integral: Let ω∈Ωcn(M) be nonnegative on the positive determinant ray of an oriented smooth manifold. Then ∫Mω≥0, and ω≠0 implies ∫Mω>0.

[F4]

The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω): The Axiom of Countable Choice, written ACω, is the following statement. > For every family (Xn)n∈N of nonempty sets indexed by > N there is a function f with domain N such that > f(n)∈Xn for every n∈N. Equivalently, in the vocabulary of def-choice-function: every at most countable family of nonempty sets (def-countable) has a choice function.

[F5]

Riemannian hodge star: On an oriented Riemannian n-manifold, for 0≤k≤n the Hodge star is characterized by α∧∗β=⟨α,β⟩gvol⁡g for every pair of k-covectors.

Proof

technique · direct
1.1F1F2F4F5given

The star identity F5 makes the integrand ⟨α,β⟩vol⁡g, with compact support contained in the intersection of their supports. In oriented charts its integral equals the density integral of ⟨α,β⟩μg; the chart formula has the same positive coefficient. That finite sum is bilinear in α,β and symmetric because the pointwise pairing is, so the displayed expression is a symmetric bilinear real form. The assumed countable choice supplies the chart partition used by this integral.

2.1F3F5step 1.1∎

For α≠0, its pointwise squared norm is nonnegative and positive at a point where α is nonzero. Thus F5 makes α∧∗α a nonzero nonnegative compactly supported top form, whose integral is strictly positive by the positivity theorem. For α=0 the integral is zero. In dimension zero it is the finite sum ∑pα(p)2, since the orientation sign in the volume form cancels the integration sign; on the empty manifold this is the inner product on the zero vector space.

Source locator

Lee, Proposition 16.28, p.422, and Problem 16-22(b), p.439. Lee states the pairing on compact manifolds; the proof here uses compact supports and the explicitly assumed integration prerequisites on a possibly noncompact manifold.

Depends on

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Sources