Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-10
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Ill-founded trees form an analytic non-Borel set

Statement

In ZFC, IF=TrWF is analytic and not Borel; WF is coanalytic and not analytic.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

The Polish space of trees and its well-founded rank gives the Polish coordinate space of trees and WF.

[F2]

Countable tree ranks and monotonicity under extension maps identifies ill-foundedness with a branch and realizes every countable rank.

[F3]

Analytic boundedness for well-founded trees bounds the ranks of an analytic family contained in WF.

[F4]

Analytic countable operations and inclusion of Borel sets makes every Borel set analytic and coanalytic.

Proof

Given: ZFC and the tree space with the specified rank conventions.

1.1

The set C={(T,x):n xnT} in Tr×N is closed. Failure is witnessed by n; fixing the first n coordinates of x and the tree coordinate excluding its prefix gives an open neighbourhood still failing that condition. By F2 its projection is exactly IF. Thus IF is analytic by the closed-projection convention, and its complement WF is coanalytic.

F1F2A1
2.1

If WF were analytic, F3 with A1 would give a countable γ strictly bounding every well-founded tree rank. F2 with A1 supplies a tree of rank γ, contradicting that strict bound. Therefore WF is not analytic. If IF were Borel its complement WF would be Borel by the sigma-algebra axiom, hence analytic by F4 and A1, again a contradiction. Thus IF is not Borel. QED.

F2F3F4A1step 1.1

Depends on

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