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Infinite dimensional weak topology is not first countable
Statement
Assume HB (The real dominated-extension principle as an additional hypothesis over ZF) and Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). An infinite-dimensional real or complex normed space has no countable weak neighborhood base at zero.
Facts & Assumptions
Weak neighborhoods admit finite-coordinate disk refinements (Basic weak neighborhoods).
The weakly continuous scalar-linear dual is precisely (Continuous dual of a weak topology).
The bounded dual is Banach, since its scalar target is Banach (If (Y) is Banach then (\mathcal B(X,Y)) is Banach).
In ZF, a Banach space has no countably infinite Hamel basis (A Banach space has no countably infinite Hamel basis).
Under HB, bounded functionals separate primal points (Relative dual norming, point separation, and recovery of the norm).
Proof
Given: the stated axioms and an infinite-dimensional normed space .
Suppose is a countable weak local base at zero. For each the set of finite lists of functionals and positive radii defining a basic neighborhood is nonempty. Apply Countable Choice once to these sets, fixing such finite lists. Enumerate their entries by pairs of natural numbers, padding each finite list with zero functionals. This gives a sequence containing every chosen functional.
Fix . It is weakly continuous by F2. Some lies inside , so lies there too. Scaling shows that vanishes on the common kernel of its finite defining list. For its coordinate map , the rule is well-defined by this kernel inclusion. Extend a finite basis of to one of , and set on added basis vectors. If are the values of the extension on standard coordinate vectors, then . Hence is a finite linear combination of the defining list. Thus the algebraic span of is all of .
Scan in order, retaining an entry precisely when it is outside the span of preceding retained entries. This deterministic rule gives either a finite basis or an infinite subsequence forming a countably infinite Hamel basis of : every discarded entry is in the earlier retained span, while each retained entry preserves independence. The infinite outcome is impossible because is Banach and F4 is choice-free. Therefore has a finite basis .
The map is injective: a kernel vector is killed by every member of their span and is zero by HB separation. But independent vectors in would have dependent images in , contradicting injectivity. Such vectors exist by finite induction from infinite dimension. This contradiction excludes the supplied countable local base. Countable Choice was used only in step 1.1 and HB only in this step.
Depends on
- Continuous dual of a weak topology
- Basic weak neighborhoods
- A Banach space has no countably infinite Hamel basis
- If \(Y\) is Banach then \(\mathcal B(X,Y)\) is Banach
- Relative dual norming, point separation, and recovery of the norm
- The real dominated-extension principle as an additional hypothesis over ZF
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
Nothing in the library uses this result yet.
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Bühler–Salamon, Functional Analysis (2017); exact harvest in batch coverage (standard reference, not scraped)
- Teschl, Topics in Real and Functional Analysis (2017); exact harvest in batch coverage (standard reference, not scraped)