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The isotypic decomposition of a completely reducible representation is unique
Statement
Let be a completely reducible representation of a group over a field . If represent the distinct equivalence classes of irreducible subrepresentations occurring in , then
Moreover each summand depends only on the equivalence class of , so this isotypic decomposition is independent of the chosen decomposition of into irreducible summands.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A completely reducible representation of a group over a field .
For an irreducible representation , the isotypic component is the sum of all irreducible subrepresentations of equivalent to (The isotypic component of a completely reducible representation).
A nonzero intertwiner between irreducible representations is an isomorphism. In particular, if two irreducible representations are not equivalent, every intertwiner between them is zero (Schur's lemma for irreducible representations: a nonzero intertwiner is an isomorphism, and is a division ring).
A completely reducible representation is an internal direct sum of irreducible subrepresentations (A completely reducible representation as a finite direct sum of irreducible subrepresentations).
Proof
By [L3], choose irreducible subrepresentations with Group these summands by equivalence class: for each class represented by , let be the direct sum of those equivalent to . Then and each is contained in by [L1].
Fix and let be any irreducible subrepresentation equivalent to . Write for the projection attached to step 1.1. If is not equivalent to , then is an intertwiner between non-equivalent irreducibles, so [L2] makes it zero. Hence the projection of onto is zero, and therefore . Since this holds for every such , the defining sum [L1] satisfies . Together with step 1.1, this gives .
Step 2.1 shows that each grouped block is exactly the isotypic component , so it depends only on the equivalence class of , not on the chosen irreducible splitting. Since the already form a direct sum in step 1.1, the displayed isotypic decomposition is unique.
Depends on
Used by
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Sources
- Peter Webb, A Course in Finite Group Representation Theory, Corollary 1.2.7 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Pavel Etingof et al., Introduction to Representation Theory, Proposition 2.2 (standard reference, not scraped)