Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-30
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

Every L^1 function admits dominated complex simple approximations

Statement

Let (X,A,μ) be a measure space and let f∈L1(μ). Then there exists a sequence (sn) of complex simple functions such that:

  1. ∣sn∣≤2∣f∣ for every n;
  2. ∫∣f−sn∣ dμ→0.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A measure space (X,A,μ) and an integrable function f:X→C.

[L1]

An integrable complex function has measurable real and imaginary parts and integrable modulus. (Integrable real and complex functions, and their integrals)

[L2]

The positive and negative parts satisfy u=u+−u− and ∣u∣=u++u−. (The positive and negative parts of a function)

[L3]

Arithmetic and lattice operations preserve measurability. (Arithmetic and lattice operations preserve measurability whenever they are defined)

[L4]

Every nonnegative measurable function admits increasing simple approximations. (Every nonnegative measurable function admits an explicit increasing sequence of simple approximations)

[L5]

Monotone convergence passes increasing limits through the integral. (Monotone convergence for the integral)

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L1L2L3

Write f=u+iv with u=Re⁡f and v=Im⁡f. [L1, L2, L3] By [L1], the real functions u and v are measurable and satisfy ∣u∣≤∣f∣ and ∣v∣≤∣f∣, hence are integrable. By [L2] and [L3], the four functions u± and v± are nonnegative measurable.

2.1L4L2L3step 1.1

Apply [L4] to choose increasing nonnegative simple functions [L2, L3, L4, step 1.1] un±↑u± and vn±↑v±. Put un:=un+−un−,vn:=vn+−vn−,sn:=un+ivn. Then each sn is a complex simple function, and ∣sn∣≤un++un−+vn++vn−≤∣u∣+∣v∣≤2∣f∣.

3.1L5L2step 2.1

By [L5], the four increasing simple approximations in step 2.1 satisfy [L2, L5, step 2.1] ∫un± dμ→∫u± dμ and ∫vn± dμ→∫v± dμ. Therefore ∫∣u−un∣ dμ=∫(u+−un+) dμ+∫(u−−un−) dμ→0, and similarly ∫∣v−vn∣ dμ→0. Hence ∫∣f−sn∣ dμ≤∫∣u−un∣ dμ+∫∣v−vn∣ dμ→0.

4.1step 2.1step 3.1

Steps 2.1 and 3.1 give the required dominated complex simple [step 2.1, step 3.1] ∎ approximations.

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

22 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources