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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-09-01
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The metric completion of a normed space carries a unique compatible Banach-space structure

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω)). Let X be a normed space. The published metric completion of the norm metric on X admits a unique vector-space structure and norm whose induced metric is the published completion metric and such that the constant sequence embedding i:X→X^ is a dense linear isometry. With this structure, X^ is a Banach space.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The Axiom of Countable Choice; a normed space X, its published metric completion X^ by Cauchy classes, and the constant-sequence embedding i:X→X^.

[A1]

Countable Choice has the meaning fixed in The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω).

[L1]

Under Countable Choice, the published metric completion exists, is complete, and i[X] is dense in it (Every metric space has a completion, constructed as the equivalence classes of its Cauchy sequences).

[L2]

Termwise addition, scalar multiplication, and the limiting norm on Cauchy classes are well defined (The Cauchy-class operations of a normed-space completion are well defined).

[L3]

A Banach space is a normed space complete for its norm metric, and a completion of a normed space is a Banach space with dense linear isometry from the original space (Banach space, Completion of a normed space).

[L4]

Addition and scalar multiplication are continuous in every normed space (Vector addition and scalar multiplication are continuous in a normed space).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L2

By [L2], the Cauchy classes carry termwise addition and scalar multiplication, and each class has a well-defined norm ∥[xn]∥:=lim⁡n∥xn∥.

2.1step 1.1L2

On constant sequences these operations agree with those of X, and ∥i(x)∥=∥x∥ by definition, so i is a linear isometry.

2.2step 1.1L1L2

For classes [xn] and [yn], the distance of the published metric completion is lim⁡n∥xn−yn∥, while the new difference class is [xn−yn]; therefore the completion metric is exactly the metric induced by the norm from step 1.1.

3.1step 2.1step 2.2A1L1L3

By [A1], the underlying metric space is complete by [L1], so step 2.2 makes X^ complete for its new norm metric. Thus X^ is Banach and (X^,i) is a completion of X in the sense of [L3].

3.2step 2.1L4

Suppose a second Banach-space structure on the same underlying set induces the published completion metric and also makes i a dense linear isometry. Its addition and scalar multiplication are continuous by [L4], and they agree with the operations of step 1.1 on the dense subset i[X]×i[X] and on K×i[X]; therefore they agree everywhere.

4.1step 2.2step 3.2∎

The norm is then forced as well, because in any compatible normed structure ∥u∥ equals the metric distance from u to 0. So the compatible Banach-space structure is unique.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources