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A partial function is partial recursive if and only if it is Turing computable
Statement
Let be a partial function, with inputs and outputs encoded by their canonical binary numerals. Then is partial recursive if and only if is Turing computable under those encodings.
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A partial function .
A machine computes a partial function when it halts with the required encoded output on the domain and diverges off the domain, by Partial functions computed by a machine under fixed encodings.
Partial recursive functions are closed under composition and unbounded minimization and contain the primitive recursive functions, by Unbounded minimization and partial recursive functions.
Every partial recursive function has a normal-form expression for some code , by Kleene normal form for partial recursive functions.
The predicate , its primitive-recursive numeric zero-test , and the function encode halting computation histories and their outputs arithmetically, by Kleene's T-predicate and output function.
Proof
Assume first that is partial recursive. By [L3], choose with whenever is defined. Every primitive-recursive function is Turing computable: the initial functions have immediate machines, machine composition realizes composition, and a finite loop realizes primitive recursion. Hence machines compute the primitive-recursive functions and from [L5]. A machine can therefore search successively through , evaluate , and at the first zero compute and halt with its binary numeral. If there is no successful , the search continues forever. By [L1], this machine computes .
Conversely, assume that is Turing computable. Then by [L1] there is a machine code whose halting computations on input produce exactly the values of . By [L5], the characteristic function of the relation is primitive recursive, so the total search function that returns exactly when holds and otherwise is primitive recursive. By [L2], the partial search is therefore partial recursive, and composing with the primitive recursive output map shows that is partial recursive as well. Its domain and values agree with because exists exactly when the machine coded by has a halting history on , and then [L5] says that is exactly the machine's output. Hence is partial recursive.
Steps 1.1 and 1.2 prove both implications, so is partial recursive if and only if it is Turing computable.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Richard Zach, Computability Theory (standard reference, not scraped)
- Jeremy Avigad and Richard Zach, Recursive Functions (standard reference, not scraped)