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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedprecheck passjudge pass (gpt-6.1-sol)
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The Plancherel theorem for locally compact abelian groups

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice) and Dependent Choice (The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an N-indexed chain). Let G be a locally compact Hausdorff abelian group with Haar measure mG and dual G^ carrying the compatible dual Haar normalisation. Then the Fourier transform extends uniquely to a unitary operator F:L2(G,mG)→L2(G^,mG^), that is, ⟨Ff,Fg⟩=⟨f,g⟩ for all f,g∈L2(G), and F is bijective.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A locally compact Hausdorff abelian group G with Haar measure mG, dual G^ with the compatible dual Haar measure, and the isometric extension F of the Fourier transform.

[F1]

The Fourier transform restricts to a linear isometry F0 on the dense subspace L1∩L2(G)⊆L2(G) and has a unique linear isometric extension F:L2(G)→L2(G^) with ∥Ff∥2=∥f∥2. (Plancherel isometric extension on LCA groups, The space Lp(μ) as the quotient by null functions)

[F2]

The range of F is dense in L2(G^). (The Plancherel transform range is dense in L^2 of the dual)

[F3]

L2(G,mG) and L2(G^,mG^) are complete; a linear isometry from a complete space has closed range, and a closed dense subspace is the whole space. (Riesz-Fischer completeness of Lp for 1≤p≤∞)

[F4]

If a linear map between inner product spaces satisfies ∥Tu∥=∥u∥ for all u, then ⟨Tu,Tv⟩=⟨u,v⟩ for all u,v: the inner product is recovered from the norm by the polarisation formula. (Jordan–von Neumann: a norm is induced by an inner product exactly when it satisfies the parallelogram law)

Proof

1.1F1F3

The range of F is closed in L2(G^): if Ffn→h then ∥fn−fm∥2=∥Ffn−Ffm∥2→0, so (fn) is Cauchy and converges to some f∈L2(G) by completeness, and continuity of F gives h=Ff.

2.1F2F3F4step 1.1∎

The range is dense by [F2], and a closed dense subspace equals the whole space, so F is surjective; by [F4] the isometry F also preserves inner products, so F is unitary. This is the statement.

Depends on

Used by

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Sources