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Compactly supported nonnegative transform bumps on the dual

Statement

Assume the Axiom of Choice (The Axiom of Choice) and Dependent Choice (The axiom of dependent choice: a relation in which every element is related to something admits an N-indexed chain). Let G be a locally compact Hausdorff abelian group with dual G^ and Haar measure mG, let γ0∈G^ and let K⊆G^ be a compact neighbourhood of γ0. Then there exists f∈L1(G,mG) with f^≥0 on G^, f^(γ0)>0 and f^=0 on G^∖K.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A locally compact Hausdorff abelian group G with Haar measure mG, its dual G^ with the compatible dual Haar measure mG^, a character γ0 and a compact neighbourhood K of γ0.

[F1]

G^ is a locally compact Hausdorff abelian group; the dual Haar measure is positive on nonempty open sets and finite on compact sets, and every neighbourhood of the identity contains an open symmetric relatively compact neighbourhood whose closure product is as small as desired: for K a compact neighbourhood of γ0 there is a symmetric open relatively compact V∋1 with γ0V‾ V‾−1⊆K. To obtain it, take an open identity neighbourhood O⊆γ0−1K and use continuity of (a,b)↦ab−1 to choose symmetric open W∋1 with WW−1⊆O. Compact shrinking gives open V0∋1 with compact closure in W; set V=V0∩V0−1. (The dual of a locally compact abelian group is locally compact abelian, In a locally compact Hausdorff space every open set containing a point contains an open set containing it whose closure is compact and still inside; such a space is regular, Haar measure is positive on nonempty open sets and finite on compact sets, Locally compact topological space: every point has a compact neighbourhood; and what this says in a metric space, Neighbourhood of a point and neighbourhood base, with this library's convention that a neighbourhood need not be open)

[F2]

The Plancherel transform F:L2(G)→L2(G^) is a unitary operator and its inverse is again unitary; on L1(G)∩L2(G) it agrees with the Fourier transform f^(χ)=∫Gf(x)χ(x)‾ dmG(x). (The Plancherel theorem for locally compact abelian groups, The Fourier transform on an LCA group, The space Lp(μ) as the quotient by null functions)

[F3]

Modulation in L2. For ω∈G^ and v∈L2(G) the function ωv (pointwise product) lies in L2(G), and F(ωv)(χ)=Fv(ω−1χ) in L2(G^). Indeed for v∈Cc(G) this is the L1 modulation identity, both sides are continuous functions of v∈L2(G) into L2(G^) (multiplication by the character and translation of the argument are isometries), and Cc(G) is dense in L2(G), so the identity extends by continuity. (Fourier transform intertwines translation, modulation and convolution, Translation continuity and normalised local approximate identities on an LCA group, C_c(X) is dense in L^p(mu) for a Radon measure, Compact support, Cc(X), and C0(X))

[F4]

If u,v∈L2(G) then uv‾∈L1(G) with ∥uv‾∥1≤∥u∥2∥v∥2. (Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for L2)

Proof

1.1F1

Choose V as in [F1]: an open symmetric relatively compact neighbourhood of 1 in G^ with γ0V‾ V‾−1⊆K, so in particular γ0VV−1⊆K.

2.1F2F4step 1.1

In L2(G^) put a:=1V and b:=1γ0−1V, and by surjectivity of the unitary F choose u,v∈L2(G) with Fu=a and Fv=b; put f:=uv‾∈L1(G) by [F4].

3.1F2F3F4step 2.1

For every ω∈G^, the Fourier transform of f is f^(ω)=∫Gu(x)v(x)‾ ω(x)‾ dmG(x)=⟨u,ωv⟩L2(G). Because F is unitary, this equals ⟨Fu,F(ωv)⟩L2(G^)=∫G^a(χ)b(ω−1χ)‾ dmG^(χ), using the modulation identity [F3]; since a and b are indicators of V and γ0−1V, the integrand is 1 exactly when χ∈V and ω−1χ∈γ0−1V, that is exactly when χ∈V∩ωγ0−1V. Hence f^(ω)=mG^(V∩ωγ0−1V) for every ω.

4.1F1step 3.1

The formula of step 3.1 shows that f^(ω)≥0 for all ω, that f^(γ0)=mG^(V)>0, and that f^(ω)=0 whenever V∩ωγ0−1V=∅, which holds whenever ω∉γ0VV−1 (if χ=ωγ0−1χ′ with χ,χ′∈V then ω=γ0χχ′−1∈γ0VV−1, using symmetry of V). Since γ0VV−1⊆γ0V‾ V‾−1⊆K, the transform f^ is nonnegative, positive at γ0, and vanishes off K.

5.1step 2.1step 4.1∎

The function f∈L1(G,mG) of step 2.1 therefore satisfies f^≥0 on G^, f^(γ0)>0 and f^=0 on G^∖K, which is the statement.

Depends on

Used by

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