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The Pontryagin dual with the compact-open topology
Definition
Let be an abelian topological group (Topological group: multiplication and inversion are continuous) written additively, and let be the multiplicative unit circle (The multiplicative unit circle is a compact metrizable topological abelian group).
A character of is a continuous group homomorphism (Monoid homomorphism and group homomorphism, Continuity of a map of topological spaces at a point and globally). The Pontryagin dual of is the set of characters, equipped with:
- Pointwise multiplication. For the product is for every , with the constant character as its identity and as the inverse of . With these operations the set of characters is a group, and it is abelian; this and the continuity of the two operations are proved in the next item, so no separate well-definedness obligation is left open here.
- Compact-open topology. The topology is the compact-open topology inherited from (The compact-open topology on for arbitrary topological spaces), that is the subspace topology (Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace) for the subbasis
The evaluation pairing is written
The dual is written multiplicatively, so products of characters are written and the identity is written . Through the topological group isomorphism of The multiplicative unit circle is a compact metrizable topological abelian group, characters may equivalently be viewed as continuous homomorphisms into the published circle ; all statements below use the multiplicative circle and the compact-open subbasis displayed above.
Depends on
- The multiplicative unit circle is a compact metrizable topological abelian group
- Topological group: multiplication and inversion are continuous
- The compact-open topology on $C(X,Y)$ for arbitrary topological spaces
- Monoid homomorphism and group homomorphism
- Continuity of a map of topological spaces at a point and globally
- Subspace topology: the traces of the open sets, its closed sets and its bases, the continuity of the inclusion, and the characteristic property of a map into a subspace
Used by
- The circle: the Peter-Weyl basis is the integer characters Example
- The Pontryagin dual of a finite cyclic group Example
- The Pontryagin dual of Euclidean space is Euclidean space Example
- The Pontryagin dual of the circle is ℤ Example
- The Pontryagin dual of ℤ is the circle Example
- A compact identity neighbourhood in the dual Lemma
- Dual homomorphisms: continuity, and the annihilator of a closed subgroup Lemma
- Duals of finite products and of discrete direct sums Lemma
- Evaluation of characters is jointly continuous Lemma
- Pointwise limits of homomorphisms and of equicontinuous characters Lemma
- The compact-open character group is a Hausdorff topological abelian group Lemma
- Compact groups have discrete duals and discrete groups have compact duals Theorem
- The dual of a locally compact abelian group is locally compact abelian Theorem
Dependency tree · two levels
42 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Dikran D. Dikranjan, Introduction to Topological Groups (author lecture notes, Universita di Udine / Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 2007) (standard reference, not scraped)
- Lynn H. Loomis, Introduction to Abstract Harmonic Analysis, D. Van Nostrand 1953, Chapter VII, Sections 34-35 (printed pp. 134-140) (standard reference, not scraped)