Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-generatedprecheck passaudited 2026-08-31
How statement and proof provenance work

The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.

  • Literature-sourced: the exact statement appears in a cited source; only wording and notation differ.
  • AI-adapted: a semantically identical restatement of literature-sourced material, modulo indexing, notation, and boundary cases adopted by the library.
  • AI-generated: a genuinely novel statement formulated by AI, with no source for the claim itself.

These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.

The Riemann surface of the logarithm is the complex plane over the punctured plane via exp

Statement

Let Rlog be the Riemann surface of the complete analytic function generated by the principal logarithm germ at 1 over C×. Define

Λ:RlogC,Λ([]z):=(z).

Then Λ is a biholomorphism, and if p:RlogC× is the germ projection, then

p=expΛ.

So, after identifying Rlog with C through Λ, the projection is the exponential covering exp:CC×.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The logarithm germ surface Rlog and its projection p.

[L1]

On the principal strip P={w:π<Imw<π}, the exponential is a biholomorphism onto the slit plane S=C(,0], with inverse the principal logarithm (The exponential is the inverse biholomorphism from the principal strip to the slit plane).

[L2]
[L3]

The germ projection on a complete analytic function is a local biholomorphism (The germ projection is a local biholomorphism).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

For each wC, let Vw:=ewB(1,1/2) and define w(u):=w+Log(ewu) for uVw. Because B(1,1/2)S, fact [L1] makes w holomorphic on Vw, with exp(w(u))=eweLog(ewu)=u and w(ew)=w. Thus Φ(w):=[w]ew is a well-defined logarithm germ over ew.

L1algebra
1.2

The germ Φ(w) lies on Rlog. Indeed, along the path γw(t)=etw from 1 to ew, choose a subdivision fine enough that for every adjacent pair tj,tj+1 and every t[tj,tj+1] one has e(ttj)w1<12, and also Im((tj+1tj)w)<π. The first condition puts the entire subpath γw([tj,tj+1]) inside Vtjw. At the joining point, the second condition gives tjw(etj+1w)=tjw+Log(e(tj+1tj)w)=tj+1w, so consecutive branches agree there as germs. Starting at t0=0 gives the principal logarithm germ at 1, and the final germ is Φ(w).

L1choose
2.1

If Φ(w)=Φ(v), then the two germs have the same base point and the same value at that base point. Therefore ew=ev and w=v. So Φ is injective.

step 1.1algebra
2.2

Let ξ=[]z be any point of Rlog and put w:=(z). Shrink the representative domain of to a disc UVw on which (U)B(w,π). On U one has exp((u))=u=exp(w(u)), so [L2] gives (u)w(u)2πiZ for every uU. The difference is continuous, takes the value 0 at z, and its image lies in the discrete set 2πiZ; because U is connected, the difference is identically 0. Hence ξ=Φ(w), and Φ is surjective.

L2step 1.1algebra
3.1

The map Λ is the inverse of Φ by steps 2.1 and 2.2. In a chart N(,U) on the germ surface one has Λϕ,U1(u)=(u), so [L3] makes Λ holomorphic. Near any w0C, if ww0<1/4 then Φ(w)N(w0,Vw0) and ϕw0,Vw0(Φ(w))=ew, which is holomorphic in w; so Φ is holomorphic as well. Therefore Λ is a biholomorphism.

L3step 1.1step 2.1step 2.2
4.1

For every []zRlog one has p([]z)=z=exp((z))=exp(Λ([]z)), so p=expΛ.

step 3.1algebra

Depends on

Used by

Dependency tree · two levels

27 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.

Sources