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The Riemann surface of the logarithm is the complex plane over the punctured plane via exp
Statement
Let be the Riemann surface of the complete analytic function generated by the principal logarithm germ at over . Define
Then is a biholomorphism, and if is the germ projection, then
So, after identifying with through , the projection is the exponential covering .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: The logarithm germ surface and its projection .
On the principal strip , the exponential is a biholomorphism onto the slit plane , with inverse the principal logarithm (The exponential is the inverse biholomorphism from the principal strip to the slit plane).
exactly when (, and exactly when ).
The germ projection on a complete analytic function is a local biholomorphism (The germ projection is a local biholomorphism).
Proof
For each , let and define for . Because , fact [L1] makes holomorphic on , with and . Thus is a well-defined logarithm germ over .
The germ lies on . Indeed, along the path from to , choose a subdivision fine enough that for every adjacent pair and every one has and also . The first condition puts the entire subpath inside . At the joining point, the second condition gives so consecutive branches agree there as germs. Starting at gives the principal logarithm germ at , and the final germ is .
If , then the two germs have the same base point and the same value at that base point. Therefore and . So is injective.
Let be any point of and put . Shrink the representative domain of to a disc on which . On one has , so [L2] gives for every . The difference is continuous, takes the value at , and its image lies in the discrete set ; because is connected, the difference is identically . Hence , and is surjective.
The map is the inverse of by steps 2.1 and 2.2. In a chart on the germ surface one has , so [L3] makes holomorphic. Near any , if then and , which is holomorphic in ; so is holomorphic as well. Therefore is a biholomorphism.
For every one has , so .
Depends on
- The germ projection is a local biholomorphism
- Fixed-endpoint homotopic paths give the same analytic continuation
- The exponential is the inverse biholomorphism from the principal strip to the slit plane
- $\ker(\exp)=2\pi i\mathbb Z$, and $\exp z=\exp w$ exactly when $z-w\in2\pi i\mathbb Z$
- Winding number identifies the fundamental group of C times with the integers
- The monodromy right action on a covering fibre and its equivalent left-action convention
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
27 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Lars V. Ahlfors, Complex Analysis, 3rd ed., Ch. 3 §4.3 and Ch. 8 §1.3 (standard reference, not scraped)
- Curtis T. McMullen, Riemann Surfaces, Ch. 4 Example 3 (standard reference, not scraped)