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Mertens' second theorem for primes

Statement

For every real x≥2,

∑p≤x1p=log⁡log⁡x+B1+O(1/log⁡x),

where B1 is the Meissel-Mertens constant of The Meissel-Mertens constant.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A real number x≥2 and the function A(y):=∑p≤ylog⁡pp.

[L1]

Mertens' first theorem gives A(y)=log⁡y+O(1) for y≥2 (Mertens' first theorem for primes).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1L2L3givenalgebra

Apply [L2] to the sequence an=(log⁡n)/n on primes and an=0 otherwise, with bn=1/log⁡n. Exactly as in Abel summation recovers the prime-counting function from theta, this gives ∑p≤x1p=A(x)log⁡x+∫2xA(t)tlog⁡2t dt.

2.1L1L3step 1.1algebra

By [L1], write A(t)=log⁡t+R(t) with R(t)=O(1). Substituting into step 1.1 yields ∑p≤x1p=1+R(x)log⁡x+∫2xdttlog⁡t+∫2xR(t)tlog⁡2t dt. Since ∫2xdt/(tlog⁡t)=log⁡log⁡x−log⁡log⁡2, we obtain ∑p≤x1p=log⁡log⁡x+(1−log⁡log⁡2)+∫2xR(t)tlog⁡2t dt+O(1/log⁡x).

3.1L3step 2.1algebra

Because R is bounded and ∫x∞dttlog⁡2t=1log⁡x, the improper integral ∫2∞R(t)tlog⁡2t dt converges, and replacing the upper limit x by ∞ changes step 2.1 by only O(1/log⁡x). Therefore ∑p≤x1p=log⁡log⁡x+B1+O(1/log⁡x), where B1:=1−log⁡log⁡2+∫2∞R(t)tlog⁡2t dt. This constant is exactly the limit in The Meissel-Mertens constant.

4.1step 3.1algebra∎

The displayed asymptotic implies ∑p≤x1p−log⁡log⁡x→B1 as x→∞, so the definition of The Meissel-Mertens constant is well posed.

Depends on

Used by

Cited to discharge well-definedness by The Meissel-Mertens constant.

Dependency tree · two levels

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Sources