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Completeness, extremal disconnectedness, and regular-open clopens
Statement
Assume BPI. For a Boolean algebra with Stone space , the following are equivalent: is complete; is extremally disconnected, meaning the closure of every open subset is open; and . When the two algebras coincide their Boolean structures agree. Empty spaces and trivial Boolean algebras are included.
Facts & Assumptions
Completeness, regular opens, and order continuity defines completeness and regular opens, with empty bounds included.
Regular open algebra in ZF proves completeness of and gives its finite Boolean operations.
Stone clopen representation under BPI identifies with all clopens under BPI; its sets form a basis and reflect order.
Proof
Given: BPI, a Boolean algebra and .
Assume is complete, and let be open. Set and . The basis property of F3 gives . Hence , and since is closed, . If were nonempty, it would be open and F3 would supply with . Order reflection gives and for every . Thus would be an upper bound of strictly below , impossible. Therefore , which is open. This proves extremal disconnectedness, including , where , and .
Assume is extremally disconnected. Each clopen satisfies , so it is regular open. Conversely for regular open , the closure is open by the assumption. Hence , so is also closed. This proves equality of the two sets of subsets.
Assume . On clopens, F2's binary meet, complement and binary join reduce respectively to intersection, set complement and union, since the result is already clopen; the bounds are the same as well. Thus the equality is an equality of Boolean algebras. Completeness of F2 transfers through the isomorphism F3 to : for , take the regular-open supremum of , which by the assumed equality is a clopen ; order reflection makes exactly the least upper bound of . Empty suprema are included. This proves completeness of and closes the three-implication cycle with steps 1.1 and 1.2. If is trivial, is empty and all three claims hold with the sole subset ; the operation comparison still applies. Arbitrary unions of clopens need not themselves be clopen: the common algebra's arbitrary join is the regularized union from F2. QED.
Depends on
Used by
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Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Fremlin, Measure Theory, 314S, Chapter 31, p. 40 (standard reference, not scraped)