Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-12
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Completeness, extremal disconnectedness, and regular-open clopens

Statement

Assume BPI. For a Boolean algebra B with Stone space X=Ult⁡(B), the following are equivalent: B is complete; X is extremally disconnected, meaning the closure of every open subset is open; and Clop⁡(X)=RO⁡(X). When the two algebras coincide their Boolean structures agree. Empty spaces and trivial Boolean algebras are included.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Completeness, regular opens, and order continuity defines completeness and regular opens, with empty bounds included.

[F2]

Regular open algebra in ZF proves completeness of RO⁡(X) and gives its finite Boolean operations.

[F3]

Stone clopen representation under BPI identifies B with all clopens under BPI; its sets [b] form a basis and reflect order.

Proof

Given: BPI, a Boolean algebra B and X=Ult⁡(B).

1.1F1F3algebra

Assume B is complete, and let G⊆X be open. Set A={a∈B:[a]⊆G} and b=⋁A. The basis property of F3 gives G=⋃a∈A[a]. Hence G⊆[b], and since [b] is closed, G‾⊆[b]. If [b]∖G‾ were nonempty, it would be open and F3 would supply 0<d∈B with [d]⊆[b]∖G‾. Order reflection gives d≤b and d∧a=0 for every a∈A. Thus b∧¬d would be an upper bound of A strictly below b, impossible. Therefore [b]=G‾, which is open. This proves extremal disconnectedness, including G=∅, where A={0}, b=0 and G‾=∅.

1.2F1givenalgebra

Assume X is extremally disconnected. Each clopen K satisfies K=int⁡K‾, so it is regular open. Conversely for regular open U, the closure U‾ is open by the assumption. Hence U=int⁡U‾=U‾, so U is also closed. This proves equality of the two sets of subsets.

2.1F1F2F3step 1.1step 1.2algebra

Assume Clop⁡(X)=RO⁡(X). On clopens, F2's binary meet, complement and binary join reduce respectively to intersection, set complement and union, since the result is already clopen; the bounds are the same as well. Thus the equality is an equality of Boolean algebras. Completeness of F2 transfers through the isomorphism F3 to B: for A⊆B, take the regular-open supremum of {[a]:a∈A}, which by the assumed equality is a clopen [b]; order reflection makes b exactly the least upper bound of A. Empty suprema are included. This proves completeness of B and closes the three-implication cycle with steps 1.1 and 1.2. If B is trivial, X is empty and all three claims hold with the sole subset ∅; the operation comparison still applies. Arbitrary unions of clopens need not themselves be clopen: the common algebra's arbitrary join is the regularized union from F2. QED.

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Sources