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TheoremStatement: AI-adaptedProof: AI-generatedSession-authored (Fable 5 assisted)precheck passjudge pass (z-ai/glm-5.2)audited 2026-07-29
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A normal T1T_1 space is regular, hence T3T_3, hence Urysohn, Hausdorff, T1T_1 and T0T_0

Statement

Let (X,T)(X, \mathcal{T}) be a T4T_4 space, that is a normal T1T_1 space (Normal spaces and T4T_4 spaces, with the source disagreement over whether normality includes T1T_1 stated explicitly, T0T_0 (Kolmogorov) and T1T_1 (Frechet) spaces). Then XX is regular (Regular spaces and T3T_3 spaces, with the source disagreement over whether regularity includes T1T_1 stated explicitly), hence T3T_3, and therefore also Urysohn (Urysohn (T212T_{2\frac{1}{2}}) space: distinct points have neighbourhoods with disjoint closures), Hausdorff (Hausdorff space: distinct points have disjoint open neighbourhoods; every metrizable space is Hausdorff and the indiscrete topology on two points is not), T1T_1 and T0T_0.

The T1T_1 hypothesis is not decoration. Normality alone implies none of the conclusions: the indiscrete topology on a two-point set is normal and not even T0T_0, which is recorded among this page's false statements.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A topological space (X,T)(X,\mathcal{T}) that is normal and T1T_1, a closed set CXC \subseteq X and a point xXCx \in X \setminus C.

[A2]

XX is regular when a point and a closed set not containing it admit disjoint open supersets; T3T_3 means regular and T1T_1 (Regular spaces and T3T_3 spaces, with the source disagreement over whether regularity includes T1T_1 stated explicitly).

[L2]

Every regular T1T_1 space is Urysohn, every Urysohn space is Hausdorff, and every Hausdorff space is T1T_1 and hence T0T_0 (Every Urysohn space is Hausdorff, every Hausdorff space is T1T_1 and hence T0T_0, and every regular T1T_1 space is Urysohn).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

{x}\{x\} is closed, since XX is T1T_1.

L1
1.2

{x}C=\{x\} \cap C = \varnothing, since xCx \notin C.

given
2.1

By [A1] applied to the disjoint closed sets {x}\{x\} and CC there are disjoint open U{x}U \supseteq \{x\} and VCV \supseteq C; in particular xUx \in U.

step 1.1step 1.2A1
3.1

Since CC and xCx \notin C were arbitrary, step 2.1 shows that XX is regular; being also T1T_1, it is T3T_3.

step 2.1A2
4.1

By [L2] the space XX is Urysohn, hence Hausdorff, hence T1T_1 and T0T_0; with step 3.1 this is the whole statement.

step 3.1L2

Remarks

Depends on

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Dependency tree · next 3 levels

Direct dependencies and their dependencies through the next three levels: 56 results over 15 levels. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, and this result sits at the bottom with a heavier outline. Click the chart to enlarge it.

Sources