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The commutator with the radical lies in the nilradical
Statement
For a finite-dimensional Lie algebra over a characteristic-zero field,
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A finite-dimensional characteristic-zero Lie algebra .
The radical is the largest solvable ideal (Solvable radical).
The nilradical is the largest nilpotent ideal (Nilradical), whose existence is proved in Existence and characteristicity of the nilradical in characteristic zero.
A derivation action defines a semidirect-product Lie algebra in which the acted-on algebra is an ideal (Semidirect products of Lie algebras).
An extension of a solvable ideal by a solvable quotient is solvable (Subalgebras, quotients, and extensions of solvable Lie algebras).
The derived algebra of a finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebra in characteristic zero is nilpotent (The derived algebra of a solvable Lie algebra is nilpotent in characteristic zero).
Every nilpotent Lie algebra is solvable (Nilpotent Lie algebras are solvable).
Proof
First let be any finite-dimensional solvable characteristic-zero Lie algebra and . Form as in [L3], where acts by . The ideal is solvable and is abelian, so [L4] makes solvable. Its derived algebra is a nilpotent ideal by [L5], and because the quotient is abelian. Hence is a nilpotent ideal of , so [L2] gives . Since for every , we have .
Put and . For each , ideality of makes a derivation of the solvable Lie algebra . Step 1.1 therefore gives , and in particular . Thus is a nilpotent ideal of the ambient algebra .
By maximality in [L2], step 2.1 gives . Conversely, is solvable by [L6], hence lies in by [L1]; inside it is still a nilpotent ideal, so maximality gives . Therefore the two nilradicals are equal. Combining this equality with from step 2.1 proves the claim. If or , every subspace displayed here is zero. No choice principle is used.
Depends on
- Solvable radical
- Nilradical
- Existence and characteristicity of the nilradical in characteristic zero
- Semidirect products of Lie algebras
- Subalgebras, quotients, and extensions of solvable Lie algebras
- The derived algebra of a solvable Lie algebra is nilpotent in characteristic zero
- Nilpotent Lie algebras are solvable
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- Knapp, Lie Groups Beyond an Introduction, Proposition 1.40 and Corollary 1.41 (standard reference, not scraped)