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TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedjudge pass (gpt-5.6-terra)audited 2026-09-14
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The commutator with the radical lies in the nilradical

Statement

For a finite-dimensional Lie algebra g over a characteristic-zero field,

[g,rad(g)]nilrad(g).

Facts & Assumptions

Given: A finite-dimensional characteristic-zero Lie algebra g.

[L1]

The radical is the largest solvable ideal (Solvable radical).

[L2]

The nilradical is the largest nilpotent ideal (Nilradical), whose existence is proved in Existence and characteristicity of the nilradical in characteristic zero.

[L3]

A derivation action defines a semidirect-product Lie algebra in which the acted-on algebra is an ideal (Semidirect products of Lie algebras).

[L4]

An extension of a solvable ideal by a solvable quotient is solvable (Subalgebras, quotients, and extensions of solvable Lie algebras).

[L5]

The derived algebra of a finite-dimensional solvable Lie algebra in characteristic zero is nilpotent (The derived algebra of a solvable Lie algebra is nilpotent in characteristic zero).

[L6]

Every nilpotent Lie algebra is solvable (Nilpotent Lie algebras are solvable).

Proof

technique · direct
1.1

First let s be any finite-dimensional solvable characteristic-zero Lie algebra and DDer(s). Form h=ktDs as in [L3], where t acts by D. The ideal s is solvable and h/skt is abelian, so [L4] makes h solvable. Its derived algebra h is a nilpotent ideal by [L5], and hs because the quotient is abelian. Hence h is a nilpotent ideal of s, so [L2] gives hnilrad(s). Since D(y)=[t,y]h for every ys, we have D(s)nilrad(s).

L2L3L4L5algebra
2.1

Put r=rad(g) and nr=nilrad(r). For each xg, ideality of r makes adxr a derivation of the solvable Lie algebra r. Step 1.1 therefore gives [x,r]nr, and in particular [x,nr]nr. Thus nr is a nilpotent ideal of the ambient algebra g.

L1L2step 1.1algebra
3.1

By maximality in [L2], step 2.1 gives nrnilrad(g). Conversely, nilrad(g) is solvable by [L6], hence lies in r by [L1]; inside r it is still a nilpotent ideal, so maximality gives nilrad(g)nr. Therefore the two nilradicals are equal. Combining this equality with [g,r]nr from step 2.1 proves the claim. If r=0 or g=0, every subspace displayed here is zero. No choice principle is used.

L1L2L6step 2.1

Depends on

Used by

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Sources