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The word category is the free monoidal category on one generator
Statement
Let be the binary-word category and let be an object of a monoidal category . Recursive evaluation of binary words at defines a strong monoidal functor with and ; for the unique arrow between two words of the same length, uses the canonical comparison isomorphism between the corresponding parenthesised tensor powers of . If is any other strong monoidal functor with , then there is a unique monoidal natural isomorphism whose component at is .
Facts & Assumptions
Given: A monoidal category , an object , and the monoidal category of binary words.
The objects of are binary words, and there is exactly one morphism between two words of the same length (The category of binary words).
The category is monoidal under binary concatenation with unit (The category of binary words is monoidal).
A strong monoidal functor is a functor equipped with invertible tensor and unit structure maps (Lax, strong, and strict monoidal functors).
Coherence supplies a unique canonical isomorphism between any two parenthesisations of the same ordered tensor word (Mac Lane coherence in canonical-map form).
Proof
Define recursively on objects by , , and . If is the unique morphism of , then and have the same length, so [L4] gives a unique canonical isomorphism ; define to be that morphism. Because identities and composites in are themselves the unique arrows between equal-length words, uniqueness in [L4] makes a functor.
The recursive object formula already matches the tensor and unit of , and the same canonical comparison maps from [L4] provide the invertible structural maps required by [L3]. Thus is a strong monoidal functor.
Let be another strong monoidal functor with . Build isomorphisms recursively: for , use the inverse of the unit map of ; for , use ; and for , use the inverse of the binary structure isomorphism of followed by .
Since every morphism in is unique when it exists, the family is automatically natural, and the same recursion forces compatibility with the monoidal structure maps. Uniqueness of the recursion makes the unique monoidal natural isomorphism fixing the generator.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
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Sources
- S. Mac Lane, Categories for the Working Mathematician, Chapter VII.2, Theorem 1 (standard reference, not scraped)