Alphabeta Math
TheoremStatement: Literature-sourcedProof: AI-adaptedPipeline-generatedaudited 2026-09-07
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Tukey finite character is equivalent to AC

Statement

Over ZF, Tukey’s finite-character principle is equivalent to AC.

Facts & Assumptions

[F1]

Families of finite character: Membership is detected by all finite subsets, including the empty subset.

[F2]

Zorn's lemma: Under AC a nonempty poset in which every chain has an upper bound has a maximal element.

[F3]

The Axiom of Choice: AC asks for a choice function on every family of nonempty sets.

Proof

Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement.

1.1F1

Assume AC and let F have finite character. If Y∈F, every subset of Y belongs to F, since its finite subsets are finite subsets of Y. In particular ∅∈F. For a nonempty inclusion-chain C⊆F, every finite subset of ⋃C is contained in one chain member: choose finitely many covering members and take the largest among them. Thus ⋃C∈F. The empty chain has upper bound ∅.

1.2F1

Assume Tukey and let (Xi)i∈I be any nonempty-set family. Inside I×⋃iXi let G consist of graphs of partial functions g satisfying g(i)∈Xi. It contains the empty graph. A graph fails the conditions only by a bad pair (i,x) with x∉Xi, or by two pairs with the same first coordinate and different values. These witnesses have sizes one and two, so G has finite character.

2.1F2step 1.1

Apply Zorn to (F,⊆) to obtain an inclusion-maximal member.

3.1F3step 1.2∎

A maximal g∈G must have domain I: at an omitted i, any one x∈Xi extends it, contradicting maximality. If I is empty the empty graph already suffices. Thus every family has a choice function.

Depends on

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