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The first chip identifies the source of the statement or construction; the second identifies the source of its local proof or verification.
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These labels describe origin, not correctness: citations and verification chips remain separate evidence.
Multiple choice produces maximal antichains
Statement
In ZF, MC implies that every partially ordered set has an inclusion-maximal antichain, where an antichain consists of pairwise incomparable distinct elements.
Facts & Assumptions
Multiple choice and dependent multiple choice: MC selects nonempty finite subsets of all nonempty subsets of a given set.
Transfinite recursion: A specified class rule recurses along any set well-order.
Hartogs: an ordinal that does not inject into a given set: There is a least ordinal that does not inject into .
Proof
Given: The objects and hypotheses in the statement.
If , its empty subset is maximal. Otherwise use MC to fix finite nonempty in every nonempty . The minimal elements of form a nonempty finite antichain: descent in a finite strict poset terminates, and two minimal points cannot be comparable.
Recurse for . Given earlier antichains, let be the points outside their union incomparable with every point in that union. Set if it is nonempty, and otherwise. Earlier and later nonempty stages are disjoint and mutually incomparable.
If every stage were nonempty, would inject into because the stages are disjoint. Thus some is empty. The union of the stages before the first such index is an antichain to which no point can be added.
Depends on
Used by
Dependency tree · two levels
13 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Jech, The Axiom of Choice, Theorem 9.1(a), pp.133–134 (standard reference, not scraped)