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Weakly convergent sequences are norm bounded
Statement
Assume HB (The real dominated-extension principle as an additional hypothesis over ZF) and the Axiom of Countable Choice (The Axiom of Countable Choice ()). Every weakly convergent sequence in a real or complex normed space is norm bounded. If is Banach, every weak-star convergent sequence in is norm bounded; this second assertion needs only Countable Choice.
Facts & Assumptions
Weak convergence means convergence under each bounded scalar-linear functional (Weak convergence of nets and sequences).
Under HB the canonical map satisfies (Relative Hahn–Banach makes the canonical bidual map an isometry).
If the target is Banach, its bounded-operator space from any normed domain is Banach (If (Y) is Banach then (\mathcal B(X,Y)) is Banach).
Under Countable Choice, a pointwise bounded sequence of bounded operators on a Banach domain has uniformly bounded operator norms (Sequential uniform boundedness under countable choice).
Proof
Given: the stated axioms and a weakly convergent sequence in ; for the second assertion, a Banach and a weak-star convergent sequence in .
For every , the scalar sequence converges to , hence is bounded: a tail has modulus at most , and finitely many preceding moduli have a finite maximum. The maps are therefore pointwise bounded bounded linear maps. Their domain is Banach since is complete.
Sequential uniform boundedness applied to these maps gives . The HB isometry makes this . Countable Choice is used exactly in F4; HB is used only in F2, and completeness of was not required.
For the second assertion, each scalar sequence converges for fixed , so the same finite-head/tail estimate from step 1.1 gives pointwise boundedness. Apply F4 directly on the assumed Banach domain to obtain . No bidual norming or HB is used in this case. If either domain is zero, all its operator norms are zero, so the same conclusions hold.
Depends on
- Weak convergence of nets and sequences
- Relative Hahn–Banach makes the canonical bidual map an isometry
- If \(Y\) is Banach then \(\mathcal B(X,Y)\) is Banach
- Sequential uniform boundedness under countable choice
- The real dominated-extension principle as an additional hypothesis over ZF
- The Axiom of Countable Choice ($\mathrm{AC}_\omega$)
Used by
- Weak closure can exceed sequential weak closure Counterexample
Dependency tree · two levels
32 results within two dependency steps of this one, each drawn at its shortest distance from it. An arrow runs from a result to what uses it, so the chart reads left to right and ends at this result, which carries a heavier outline. Every node is a link to that result. Click elsewhere on the chart to enlarge it.
Sources
- Bühler–Salamon, Functional Analysis (2017); exact harvest in batch coverage (standard reference, not scraped)
- Teschl, Topics in Real and Functional Analysis (2017); exact harvest in batch coverage (standard reference, not scraped)