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A flat Maxwell field need not solve the coupled Einstein equations

Physical scope

A smooth exact counterexample showing that a source-free Maxwell solution on a prescribed flat background need not satisfy the coupled action-based Einstein equation. It uses no empirical data or singular field.

Statement refuted

The false claim is: on M=R4 with global length coordinates (x0,x), x0=ct, and Minkowski metric η=diag⁡(−1,1,1,1), every smooth source-free Maxwell field on the trivial principal U(1) bundle, paired with that same flat metric, is a solution of the coupled action-based Einstein–Maxwell equations with Λ=0 and no additional matter.

Facts & Assumptions

Given: The action-based field equations and SI stress convention of Einstein–Maxwell equations from compact action stationarity, on a flat background with zero cosmological parameter and no additional matter, under the indexed countable-choice convention [A2].

[F1]

Einstein–Maxwell equations from compact action stationarity: the smooth fixed-sector field system requires dF=0, ∇aFab=−μ0jb, and Gab+Λgab=κE(TabEM+Tabm), where TabEM=μ0−1(FacFbc−14gabFcdFcd).

[A1]

Let M=R4 with global length coordinates (x0,x1,x2,x3), x0=ct, and Minkowski metric η=diag⁡(−1,1,1,1). Use the trivial principal bundle P=M×U(1) with product projection π and its global trivialization. For a nonzero constant electric-field component E0∈R with SI unit V m−1, defined relative to the observer n=∂x0 in the x1 direction, define the global physical potential A∈Ω1(M) by its components A0=E0x1/c and Ai=0 for i=1,2,3. The normalized local representative is a=A/κ0, and the principal connection in this trivialization is ω=−iz−1dz+π∗a for z∈U(1). Its physical curvature is F=κ0da=dA, so F01=−E0/c and all other independent components vanish.

Choose the zero-matter model with configuration space Cm={∗}, no matter-field variations, and differentiable functional Sm[g,ω,∗]≡0. Its matter first variations vanish for every admissible metric and connection variation, hence its current and Hilbert stress are j=0 and Tm=0. Set Λ=0 and g=η.

[A2]

The Axiom of Countable Choice (ACω): every sequence of nonempty sets has a choice function. This is the indexed countable-choice convention used by the compact integration suppliers; no full Axiom of Choice is assumed.

Counterexample

Given: The fields and parameter values in [A1].

1.1A1A2F1givenalgebra

The two-form F is constant, so dF=0 and ∂μFμν=0 for every ν. Hence it satisfies the sourced equation in [F1] with j=0, and is a smooth source-free Maxwell solution on the prescribed Minkowski background.

1.2A1A2F1algebra

Its invariant is FcdFcd=−2E02/c2 and F0cF0c=E02/c2. Substitution in the stress formula [F1] gives T00EM=E02/(2μ0c2)>0.

2.1A1A2F1step 1.2algebra∎

In Cartesian coordinates the components of η are constant, so the Levi-Civita formula Γμνρ=12ηρσ(∂μησν+∂νησμ−∂σημν) gives Γμνρ=0. The curvature formula then gives zero Riemann and Einstein tensors, in particular G00=0. With Λ=0 and Tm=0 from [A1], the coupled Einstein equation in [F1] would require 0=κET00EM, contradicting κE=8πGN/c4>0 and step 1.2. This source-free Maxwell solution on a fixed background is not a solution of the coupled equations, refuting the claim.

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